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Applications
Published in Takeshi Matsuura, Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes, 2020
Membrane separation processes are always considered in comparison with some other more conventional separation processes, when their economic feasibility is examined. Often, membrane separation alone is not necessarily economically advantageous, but a synergetic effect can be expected when membrane separation is combined with another separation process, in a hybrid system. One such system was proposed by UOP Engineering Products to be incorporated into the oxo-alcohol synthesis process [331]. The oxo-alcohol plant has the following three main operations: Hydrogen/carbon monoxide synthesis gas production by either steam gas reforming or by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Steam reforming of natural gas produces a product stream with an H2:CO ratio of approximately 3:1, whereas partial oxidation of hydrocarbons gives a product stream with an H2:CO ratio of 2:1Reaction of syngas (H2:CO ratio, 1:1) into formaldehydeHydrogenation of formaldehyde with pure hydrogen, forming oxo-alcohol product
The Petrochemical Industry
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Low-boiling olefins (light olefins)—ethylene and propylene—are the most important intermediates in the production of plastics and other chemical products. The current end use of ethylene worldwide is for (i) the manufacture of polyethylene, which is used in plastics; (ii) the manufacture of ethylene oxide/glycol, which is used in fibers and plastic; (iii) the manufacture of ethylene dichloride, which is used in polyvinyl chloride polymers; and (iv) the manufacture of ethylbenzene, which is used in styrene polymers. The current end use of propylene worldwide is in (i) the manufacture of polypropylene, which is used in plastics; (ii) the manufacture of acrylonitrile; (iii) the manufacture of cumene, which is used in phenolic resin; (iv) the manufacture of propylene oxide; and (v) the manufacture of 8% oxo-alcohol derivatives.
Fuel Production by Supercritical Water
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Water for Energy and Fuel Production, 2014
The H2/CO ratio in syngas is very important for its further use for a variety of chemical products. Syngas can be converted to acetone, acetic acid, and ethylene by an exothermic reaction, while pure CO can be used for the production of acetic acid, formic acid, polyurethane, polycarbonates, methyl acrylates, and so on. A H2/CO ratio of about 1 is required for the productions of polycarbonates, oxo alcohol, formaldehyde, iron ore reduction reaction, and so on; a H2/CO ratio of about 2 is required for methanol and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and a H2/CO ratio of 3 or higher is required for ammonia synthesis and hydrogen production.
Experimental study on operating conditions of 2-ethylhexanol manufacturing process
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018
Ahad Ghaemi, Mohammad Hadi Zerehsaz
2-Ethylhexanol is an Oxo alcohol composed of eight carbon atoms with C8H18O chemical formula. This alcohol is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. The main applications of this alcohol are in plasticizer production,[1,2] the chemical industries, production of plastics, solvent extraction, and chemical synthesis.[3,4] About 72% of the total global consumption of 2-ethylhexanol is in phthalate softeners, which are used in softening the PVC compounds. Because of the hydrophobicity characteristics of 2-ethylhexanol, it is also used in hydrophobic applications.[5] Moreover, it is used in producing low foam surfactants.[6]
Adsorption kinetic and mechanism of reactive dye on cotton yarns with different wettability in siloxane non-aqueous medium
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Liujun Pei, Juanjuan Liu, Xiaomin Gu, Jiping Wang
Hundred percent of cotton yarn (32 s) was obtained from Shaoxing Furun Dyeing and Finishing Co., Ltd. C.I. Reactive Red 195 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The molecule structure of these dyes is shown in Figure 1. Lutensol TO7 (C13-Oxo alcohol) was obtained from BASF Auxiliary Chemicals Co., Ltd. AEO-3 (Alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) was obtained from Tianjing Haoyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. n-octanol (A.R.) was purchased from Aladdin reagent (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, A.R.), Sodium Chloride (NaCl, A.R.), Ethyl Alcohol (A.R.), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2, A.R.) were purchased from Hangzhou Gaojing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. D5（purity > 98%）was purchased from GE Toshiba Silicone Ltd.