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Materials
Published in Radenka Maric, Gholamreza Mirshekari, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 2020
Radenka Maric, Gholamreza Mirshekari
Cr-based alloys are favorable as interconnect materials due to their high oxidation resistance along with good corrosion resistance. Ducrolloy (Cr-5Fe-1Y2O3), the most representative alloy among Cr-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys used to replace LaCrO3 at elevated SOFC operating temperatures (900°C–1000°C), was first designed by Plansee Company to match the thermal expansion coefficients of other cell components [310]. Ducrolloy also demonstrates excellent oxidation resistance. Other examples for Cr-based ODS alloys are: Cr-5Fe-0.5CeO2, and Cr-5Fe-1.3La2O3, and Cr-5Fe0.3Ti-0.5Y2O3.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Published in P.J. Gellings, H.J.M. Bouwmeester, Electrochemistry, 2019
Abdelkader Hammou, Jacques Guindet
Particularly in the SOFC planar configuration, metallic interconnects have been developed in the form of metal alloys which fulfill the more severe requirements, mainly electrical conductivity, gas tightness, chemical stability at the oxygen as well as the fuel gas side, and low-cost fabrication. The use of metallic compounds is also advantageous with regard to their high thermal conductivity, which could help to even out the cell temperature. However, bonding to ceramics and matching of thermal expansion coefficient are still to be improved. An oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS), Cr-based alloy has been successfully tested.117 After 5000 h of testing in operational gases (steam-reformed natural gas as well as coal gas), a thin, stable surface layer protects the alloy. Metallic interconnect materials may also be used in a cermet form. Seto et al.118 report that a cermet of 60 vol% alumina and 40% alloy (Inconel 600) was best suited to the requirements of a planar SOFC, the cells using the cermet being equal in performance to those using metallic interconnectors.
Introduction
Published in Czesław Kajdas, Ken'ichi Hiratsuka, Tribocatalysis, Tribochemistry, and Tribocorrosion, 2018
Czeslaw Kajdas, Ken’ichi Hiratsuka
Ball mills are used when higher energy is required and when the milling time involves many hours. Very high energy vibrators are used for prolonged high energy milling as in mechanical alloying (MA). Milling and MA continues to be a fascinating field of investigation for over five decades. MA is a powder processing technique that allows production of homogeneous material starting from blended elemental powder mixture. The technique originally developed for the production of oxide dispersion strengthened nickel-base superalloys has now branched out to the synthesis of equilibrium and non-equilibrium alloy phases, including solid solutions, intermetallics, quasicrystals, amorphous alloys, and bulk metallic glasses [21]. Book [21] surveys the vast field of MA and the related techniques from a scientific and technological point of view.
Nanosized oxide phases in oxide-dispersion-strengthened steel PM2000
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2021
Yuan Wang, Jian Lin, Bocong Liu, Yifeng Chen, Dehui Li, Hui Wang, Yinzhong Shen
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys are of considerable potential interest for structural applications in nuclear fission and fusion power plants because of their good high-temperature strength, creep rupture strength, corrosion resistance and resistance to radiation damage. ODS steels are manufactured by using a mixture of metallic powders with yttrium-oxide powder by mechanical alloying after consolidation and thermomechanical processing. The ferrite matrix yttria (Y2O3) is thermodynamically stable and was found to improve the high-temperature strength and maintain the resistance to superior ODS steel radiation [1–3]. Titanium addition improves the creep rupture strength and produces finer oxide particles [4]. An increasing proportion of chromium and aluminum improves the resistance to corrosion and oxidation [5,6].
Additively manufactured oxide dispersion strengthened nickel-based superalloy with superior high temperature properties
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2020
Liming Tan, Guowei Wang, Yu Guo, Qihong Fang, Zecheng Liu, Xiangyou Xiao, Wuqiang He, Zijun Qin, Yong Zhang, Feng Liu, Lan Huang
The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys with excellent radiation resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties are the attractive candidate materials for nuclear reactors and aerospace engines. Its advantages mainly come from the high-density oxide nanoparticles that can fix grain boundaries/dislocations and act as a powerful sink for point defects caused by neutron radiation (Suryanarayana and Al-Aqeeli 2013; Zinkle and Snead 2014; Odette, Alinger, and Wirth 2008). The conventional manufacturing process routes of ODS alloy generally include ball milling, thermal consolidation like hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (Zhao et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2016; Dadé et al. 2017a), hot extrusion (HE) (Massey et al. 2019; Seol et al. 2018; Pal et al. 2018), hot rolling (Kasai et al. 2019; Masuda et al. 2019), spark plasma sintering (Huang et al. 2017; Gwalani et al. 2019), and heat treatment (Aydogan et al. 2018; Dadé et al. 2017b). Although the traditional powder metallurgy process can obtain the uniform nano-scale dispersion ODS alloy with excellent performance, the long producing cycle and difficulty in manufacturing complex-shaped parts limit its broader application (Williams et al. 2013; Chen and Dong 2011; Suryanarayana 2001). Thereby, it is urgent to develop alternative methods for ODS alloy production (Bergner et al. 2016).