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Synthesis Techniques for Low Dimensional Magnets
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Sanjay R. Mishra, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Fundamentals of Low Dimensional Magnets, 2023
Kalyani Chordiya, Gergely Norbert Nagy, Mousumi Upadhyay Kahaly
Breakthrough in the “one-pot synthesis,” which is also known as “domino reaction,” “cascade reaction,” or “tandem reaction,” was marked after Robinson’s synthesis of tropinone more than a century ago [43]. Since then, this process has been successfully used to synthesize several organic catalysts, chain systems, hyperbranched polymers, nanoparticles, and single-molecule magnets. As the name suggests, in this method, all the precursors are mixed in a single pot to form homogeneous slurry at room temperature. One-pot synthesis has proven to help cope with two major issues in science: “efficiency” by reducing the number of purification processes and “environmental sustainability” by minimizing waste. In this approach, the reaction pot is heated under inert conditions for the precursors to react with the hybrid nanostructures. One-pot synthesis can be performed as colloidal synthesis or dry synthesis. In the colloidal synthesis method, controlled hybrid nanostructures with excellent uniformity in dispersion, size, and shape, along with high purity, could be achieved. The nanostructures’ physical properties can be controlled during the synthesis, and composition could be tuned post-synthesis. During the synthesis, experimental parameters such as temperature, time, solvent, precursors, and the surfactants could be tuned. Post-synthesis methods such as ion exchange reactions can be used to tune the compositions of synthesized epitaxial hybrid nanostructures.
Nanostructured Semiconducting Polymer Inorganic Hybrid Composites for Opto-Electronic Applications
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
Sudha J. Devaki, Rajaraman Ramakrishnan
Nanocomposites of conjugated polymers and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an area of interest motivated by potential applications of these materials in electronics, optics, catalyst and biomedical area. Nanocomposites, in which materials are self assembled or organized in the nanoscale, will help to tailor the optical as well as electronic behaviour of both the NPs and conjugated materials. Additionally, these materials offer an effective route for the stabilization of inorganic nanoparticles and allow accessing of their fascinating physical and chemical properties in a simple and facile way. It has been observed that organic conducting polymers have been shown to be excellent hosts for trapping nanoparticles of metals and semiconductors because of their ability to act as stabilizers or surface capping agents (Barlier et al. 2009). The properties of nanocomposites strongly depend on the composition and nanoscale morphology, most importantly interfacial area and contact between the components. To prepare the nanocomposites materials, several approaches have been employed such as physical mixing, sol-gel technique, in situ chemical polymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of monomer and inorganic particles, emulsion technology, sonochemical process and ϓ-radiation technique. Based on the method of preparation, nanocomposites can be classified into three main categories: (i) ex situ (sequestered) synthesis, (ii) in situ (sequential) synthesis, and (iii) one-pot synthesis.
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Composites Based on Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes
Published in Anish Khan, Mohammad Jawaid, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri, Wei Ni, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites, 2020
Nasani Rajendar, Bhagwati Sharma, Tridib K. Sarma, Anish Khan
The one-pot synthesis method involves subjecting the reactants to successive chemical reactions, all in a single reaction vessel. Using this method of synthesis, tedious and time-consuming purification and separation steps of intermediates can be avoided. This method is suitable for the synthesis of almost all types of MOF-carbon composites. It involves the addition of carbon-based material to the solution containing MOF precursors which are then subjected to various reaction methods such as ambient room temperature agitation, conventional heating, solvothermal or hydrothermal reactions, ultra-sonication, and/or microwave irradiation, etc. (Scheme 1).
Direct synthesis of sulfinic esters via ultrasound accelerated tandem reaction of thiols and alcohols with N-bromosuccinimide
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2021
Lan-Anh Thi Nguyen, Tri-Nghia Le, Cong-Thang Duong, Chi-Tam Vo, Fritz Duus, Thi Xuan Thi Luu
Subsequently, the influences of the molar ratios between thiophenol andN-bromosuccinimide were investigated. The results displayed that when the amount of N-bromosuccinimide varied from 4.5 mmol to 6.0 mmol, the yield of methyl benzenesulfinate was achieved from 64% (Entry 3, Table 1) to 87% after 5 h-stirring at room temperature in MeOH (14 mL) and EtOAc (1 mL). In the next experiments, the factor of reaction time was studied in four activation methods: stirring method, ultrasound irradiation, conventional heating and microwave irradiation. Consequently, the ‘one-pot’ synthesis of methyl benzenesulfinate has not achieved a good yield at temperature more than 60°C under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating owing to the decomposition of reaction mixture. While the best yield was obtained at 94% after eight-hour stirring at room temperature (Fig. 1S, Supplementary) and at 90% after 30-minute ultrasonic irradiation (Fig. 2S, Supplementary). Thus, two activation methods, stirring at room temperature and ultrasonic irradiation, were selected for further experiments on the scope of thiols and alcohols.
Rapid green synthesis of noncytotoxic iron oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Thymbra spicata and evaluation of their antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Green synthesis for iron oxide nanoparticles has attracted a great deal of interest in researchers and various industrial fields over the past few years, thanks to its distinctive properties, valid in various fields of science and technology. In this report, rapid and one-pot synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were successfully achieved by applying a simple and novel green chemistry procedure involving the use of T. spiciata leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent, and the formation of FeONPs was confirmed by different spectroscopic and microscopic analysis. According to the results of both antibacterial and cytotoxic studies, plant extract concentration could be an important factor in the control of both chemical and biological activities of NPs. In conclusion, it is recommended to investigate the roles of molecules in plant extracts in nano-stabilization, which plays important role for nanoparticle use in different fields such as biomedical and pharmaceuticals. As a result, the iron oxide nanoparticles obtained with nontoxic and antibacterial characteristics might be suitable at the usage in various biological applications thanks to their lowered side effects instead of chemical production nanoparticles.
Odorless, convenient and one-pot synthesis of thioethers from organic halides and thiourea
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2019
Aazam Monfared, Sheida Ahmadi, Zahra Rahmani, Parvaneh Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad, Akram Hosseinian
The possibility of nickel nanoparticles-catalyzed C–S cross-coupling of aryl halides with thiourea to the corresponding biaryl thioethers was first realized by Hajjami and co-workers, who synthesized a variety of symmetrical biaryl thioethers 46 from the reaction of aryl halides 45 with thiourea in the presence of a catalytic amount of Ni(II)-modified-SBA-15 and over stoichiometric amounts of KOH as a base in DMSO at 120°C (Scheme 20) [54]. Under optimized conditions, the reaction tolerated both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl halides and gave corresponding thioethers in good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous catalyst was also successfully applied as a catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of the same set of biaryl thioethers via the reaction of aryl halides with S8 a sulfur-transfer reagent. It should be noted that after completion of the reaction, the catalyst was separated by simple filtration, washed with ethyl acetate to remove traces of organic compounds, and dried at 50°C. The nanocatalyst could be successfully reused for at least five successive times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity.