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Occupational Dermatosis and Eye Hazard
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Most commonplace among industrial corrosives are concentrated strong acids, especially concentrated sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is the highest volume chemical produced in the U.S. and is used broadly throughout industry. Sulfur trioxide, a gaseous anhydride of sulfuric acid, is an intermediate in sulfuric acid production. Sulfur trioxide can react with moisture on the surface of the skin to produce concentrated sulfuric acid. By controlling the amount of water reacted with sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid may be produced for use in a concentrated form that contains little or no excess water. Oleum, also called fuming sulfuric acid, has had less water added than the sulfur trioxide requires for complete reaction, and is therefore a mixture of sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide. The lower the water content, the more hazardous the sulfuric acid, with oleum being the most hazardous. Concentrated sulfuric acid causes more damage by rapidly dehydrating tissue than by its action as an acid. Skin contact might occur either with the liquid or with an airborne mist.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Fuming sulfuric acid is called oleum. It is a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid. The sulfur trioxide is forced into solution with the sulfuric acid to the point that the solution cannot hold anymore. As soon as the solution is exposed to air, the fuming begins forming dense vapor clouds. It is violently water reactive as are most acids.
Thermal stability and sorption properties of asphaltene sulfocathionites
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018
Pavel I. Gryaznov, Svetlana G. Yakubova, Elvira G. Tazeeva, Dmitry V. Milordov, Makhmut R. Yakubov
Sulfonated petroleum products (Benkovsky, Bogoslovskaya, and Drizo 1963; Antonishin and Grinenko 1965a, 1965b; Pokonova, Polkin, and Proskuryakov 1979; Pokonova et al. 1981; Pokonova and Persinen 1981; Pokonova and Speight, 1992; Pokonova, 1999, 2007; Ergozhin et al., 2008; Pokonova, 2008; Francisco et al. 2010; Yakubov et al. 2015, 2016, 2017) were synthesized due to sulfonation of various oil products with concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum, more specifically, tarry black oil for refining asphaltite, petroleum tars and asphaltenes, and asphaltene concentrates. Nevertheless, the sorption characteristics of sorbents and sulfocationites (Pokonova and Speight 1992; Pokonova 1999, 2007, 2008; Yakubov et al. 2015, 2016, 2017), which were prepared based on oil asphaltenes, are similar to that of sorption characteristics of synthetic cationites of polymer type.