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Steady-State Approximation, Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law of Chain Reactions
Published in Eli Usheunepa Yunana, Calculations in Chemical Kinetics for Undergraduates, 2022
Thermal decomposition of nitryl chloride 2NO2Clg→2NO2+Cl2g has a proposed mechanism shown in the following equations:
Physical Properties of Individual Groundwater Chemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Irradiation of gaseous formaldehyde containing an excess of nitrogen dioxide over chlorine yielded ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen pentoxide, nitryl chloride, and nitric and hydrochloric acids. Peroxynitric acid was the major photolysis product when chlorine concentration exceeded the nitrogen dioxide concentration (Hanst and Gay, 1977). Formaldehyde also reacts with NO3 in the atmosphere at a rate of 3.2 × 10−16 cm3/molecule ⋅ s (Atkinson and Lloyd, 1984).
Introduction
Published in Takayuki Fueno, The Transition State, 2019
The singlet species 5, which will be referred to as hydrogen nitryl, is the simplest possible nitro compound. Strangely enough, it has never been identified experimentally so far. The product 6 is a well-known species, nitrous acid.
Potential interferences in photolytic nitrogen dioxide converters for ambient air monitoring: Evaluation of a prototype
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Nick Jordan, Natasha M. Garner, Laura C. Matchett, Travis W. Tokarek, Hans D. Osthoff, Charles A. Odame-Ankrah, Charles E. Grimm, Kelly N. Pickrell, Christopher Swainson, Brian W. Rosentreter
The quantification of NO2 in ambient air by P-CL has been extensively validated by inter-comparison with other NO2 measurements (Fehsenfeld et al. 1990; Fuchs et al. 2010). Though recent converters utilizing light centered in the 360 nm to 395 nm wavelength range provide highly selective NO2 photolysis, they are still prone to undesired photolysis of species such as HONO, bromine nitrate (BrONO2), or nitryl chloride (ClNO2) (Pollack, Lerner, and Ryerson 2010). Furthermore, these devices usually exhibit a small zero offset or artifact (Table 1). In addition, recent studies have reported positive interference in certain photolysis systems from PAN thermal decomposition as a result of poor thermal management (Reed et al. 2016b) and negative interference from photolysis of α,β-dicarbonyls when present at mixing ratios near the parts-per-million (ppmv, 10−6) mark (Villena et al. 2012).
Wildfire and prescribed burning impacts on air quality in the United States
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Daniel A. Jaffe, Susan M. O’Neill, Narasimhan K. Larkin, Amara L. Holder, David L. Peterson, Jessica E. Halofsky, Ana G. Rappold
While O3 production is driven by UV photolysis in the daytime, chemical processing can still occur at night, although much less is known about this. From other (non-smoke) studies, we know that NO2 and O3 will react to form the NO3 radical, which can oxidize many organic species and further react to form N2O5 (nitrogen pentoxide). Ahern et al. (2018) found that nighttime processing in smoke generates both N2O5 and ClNO2 (nitryl chloride), both of which regenerate NO2 through photolysis; ClNO2 can also generate reactive Cl radicals, which are important oxidants in some circumstances. Finewax, de Gouw, and Ziemann (2018) and Decker et al. (2019) demonstrated several nighttime reactions, mostly through the NO3 radical, which can significantly modify the overall reactivity of aerosols, VOCs, and O3. At present, the full suite of nighttime chemistry is not understood and therefore not well represented in models.
Aqueous N-nitrosamines: Precursors, occurrence, oxidation processes, and role of inorganic ions
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Tahereh Jasemizad, Peizhe Sun, Lokesh P. Padhye
A reduction in NDMA formation in the presence of nitrite was hypothesized to be partly due to the loss of significant amounts of NH2Cl, since nitrite is expected to react with monochloramine and generate nitrate and ammonium ions in stoichiometric ratio and, therefore, acts as an inhibitor of NDMA formation reactions during monochloramination (Choi & Valentine, 2003). The inhibitory effect of nitrite on NDMA formation during monochloramination of chlortoluron was reported by Xu et al. (2012), while the presence of ammonium showed the NDMA increase, which was associated with the inhibition of monochloramine decay. Nitrate also increased NDMA formation from chloramination of chlortoluron, and it was attributed to the reaction between NO+ and NO3− resulting in the formation of N2O4 (Xu et al., 2012). Similarly, the formation of NDMA from chlorination of diuron was enhanced in the order nitrite < nitrate < ammonium. The lower effectivity of nitrite was because it consumed more HOCl and formed intermediates which reacted rapidly with the precursors and their aromatic byproducts (Chen & Young, 2009). Furthermore, nitrite suppressed the NDMA yield from chloramination of ranitidine. The nucleophilic substitution of ranitidine on monochloramine was inhibited by nitrite. The reaction between NH2Cl and NO2– could also generate nitryl chloride (NO2Cl) and nitrite radical as intermediates, which might produce DMA by cleavage the tertiary amine of ranitidine. This reaction is known to be slow, and hence, may form a small number of intermediates with lower NDMA formation potential (Seid et al., 2018).