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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Nitroglycerin is a viscous, pale yellow liquid, with a severe explosion risk, and it is highly sensitive to shock and heat. The explosive hazard of nitroglycerin far outweighs the toxicity; however, the toxicity should not be overlooked. It is toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. The TLV is 0.05 ppm in air, which is very toxic! Nitroglycerin is a high explosive used in the production of dynamite and rocket propellants, in combating oil well fires and as a vasodilator used as a treatment for those who have heart problems. Structural and molecular formulas of nitroglycerin are shown in Figure 3.69.
Explosives
Published in Per-Anders Persson, Roger Holmberg, Jaimin Lee, Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering, 2018
Per-Anders Persson, Roger Holmberg, Jaimin Lee
At room temperature, neat nitroglycerin is very stable, with a calculated half-life of 1 million years. At 800°C, the half-life is only about 1 millionth of a second. We see also that increasing the temperature from, say, 800 to 900°C increases the rate of reaction by about a factor of ten. A shock wave in nitroglycerin with velocity 7.58 km/sec (equal to the detonation velocity) would have a front pressure of 36 GPa and a particle velocity of about 3 km/sec. The internal energy of the compressed material, assuming no reaction took place during compression, would be on the order of 4.5 MJ/kg, and consequently the temperature would be perhaps 3000 K, assuming the specific heat to be about 1500 J/(kg K). We can see that the rate of reaction in such an explosive is probably high enough for an almost immediate complete reaction to take place at the detonation front. The reaction zone length would be very short.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Nitroglycerin or glyceryl trinitrate is a pale yellow oily liquid and is also available in the form of rhombic crystals. It is highly explosive. It is used in combination with ethylene glycol dinitrite in the manufacture of dynamite. It is slightly soluble in water, and mis-cible with acetone, ether, benzene, and other organic solvents. Nitroglycerin is incompatible with strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and causes violent reactions with ozone. Nitroglycerin is a powerful explosive in its pure form and very sensitive to mechanical shock, heat, or UV radiation. It is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to O3. This product is hygroscopic. Exposures to nitroglycerin occur among workers associated with occupations/operations, such as the manufacture and transportation of nitroglycerin, the manufacture of gun powder, dynamite, smokeless powders, guncotton, and other explosives and the use of the chemical substance in rocket propellants and in medicines.
Synergistic effect of bacterial consortium on the biodegradation of nitroglycerin in aqueous medium through laboratory-scale bioreactor process
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2019
G. Vanitha, S. Rajakumar, P. M. Ayyasamy
Nitroglycerin (NG) is an explosive, oily and yellow ester was first made by Ascanio Sobrero in the year 1846 (Pichtel 2011). The molecular formula of NG is C3H5N3O9. The water solubility of NG is 1250 to 1950 mg/L (Budavari et al. 1996). NG also known as trinitroglycerin, glyceryltrinitrate or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane. It is insoluble in water and extensively used in World War. It is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive and nitrogen-based material (Divya et al. 2014; Kuperman et al. 2017).
Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Nitroglycerin by ReaxFF Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2021
Tao Zeng, Rongjie Yang, Jianmin Li, Weiqiang Tang, Dinghua Li
Nitroglycerin (NG) is not only a liquid explosive, but also an important energetic plasticizer of solid rocket propellant and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX). Its thermal decomposition is closely related to the combustion and thermal stability during the storage. Thus, a good understanding of the mechanism of NG decomposition is very useful to master the stability and aging law.