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Sustainable Energy and Environmental Outlook: Indian Perspective
Published in Asif Muhammad, Energy and Environmental Outlook for South Asia, 2020
Solar power is indeed a clean source of energy which is having enormous potential in many parts of the world. Although it is renewable energy, it is largely made up of non-renewable resources. Its limited lifespan and getting obsolete shortly raise a question on its sustainability. The manufacturing of solar panels involves the usage of many substances which are not eco-friendly. For instance, nitrogen trifluoride is a byproduct of electronic manufacturing often used in solar cells; it is a greenhouse gas with 17,000 times higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. Advanced solar cells are using cadmium in manufacturing which is a toxic heavy metal (Dahren 2016).
Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic Fluids
Published in Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov, Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases, 2020
Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov
Nitrogen trifluoride NF3. Handbook [1] gives a value of 18.0 W/(m · K) at T = 300 K for nitrogen trifluoride thermal conductivity. The measurements at three pressures 0.040, 0.049 and 0.110 bar did not reveal the pressure dependency; the accuracy of this value may be assessed as five percent.
Smartphone Crowd Computing: A Rational Approach for Sustainable Computing by Curbing the Environmental Externalities of the Growing Computing Demands
Published in Rik Das, Mahua Banerjee, Sourav De, Emerging Trends in Disruptive Technology Management for Sustainable Development, 2019
Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik, Saurabh Pal, Prasenjit Choudhury
The chemicals involved in the production of computers also damage the environment and the health of living beings. For example, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), used in liquid crystal display (LCD), thin-film photovoltaic cells and microcircuit manufacturing, has 17,000 times greater potential to cause global warming as compared to CO2 (R. Monroe 2008). Brominated flame retardant (BFR), another important substance used in computer production, may lead to thyroid damage and undeveloped fetus. The oil-based paints that are used for the finished products are also extremely toxic in nature. All of these metals and chemicals and toxic materials cause water contamination and air pollution, damaging the global environment.
Experimental measurements and thermodynamic modelling of hydrate phase equilibrium conditions for CF4+TBAB aqueous solutions
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Saeideh Babaee, Hamed Hashemi, Amir H. Mohammadi, Paramespri Naidoo, Deresh Ramjugernath
The separation of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is of considerable significance in the electronics industries. NF3 is used in the electronics industries as a dry etchant through plasma-assisted etching of silicon wafers, or through the plasma cleaning of chemical vapor deposition chambers (Branken et al., 2014). With the contamination of NF3 with CF4, it is crucial to remove CF4 from NF3. High purity of NF3 is desired in the electronics manufacturing industry in which the CF4 content must not exceed 20 ppm. The chemical and physical properties of NF3 and CF4 are quite similar which makes it difficult to separate these gases (Branken et al., 2014). As the difference in boiling point of NF3 (−129 °C) and CF4 (−127.8 °C) is too small, the separation of these gases using cryogenic distillation needs a large number of theoretical trays which makes it financially not feasible (Branken et al., 2014). The gas hydrate method is an alternative technique/technology which can be applied for the separation of NF3 from CF4. Prior to the designing of a hydrate-based gas separation process, it is essential to be aware of the exact information of the CF4 hydrate formation/decomposition temperature and pressure. The current work was part of a joint industrial project on separation of CF4 from NF3 using TBAB hydrate formation. NF3 is a toxic gas that will be studied in future.