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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
The other bonding spot on the nitrogen is attached to a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon-derivative backbone of some type. These backbones may include methane and others. A nitro compound is a hydrocarbon with one or more hydrogen atoms removed and replaced by the nitro functional group NO2. If more than one nitro radical is used, they are represented by the Greek prefix indicating the number: “di-” for two, “tri-” for three and “tetra-” indicating four. When naming compounds from the nitro group, the word “nitro” is used first and the end is the hydrocarbon to which the nitro is attached. Methane has had one hydrogen atom removed, which becomes the methyl radical CH3 to create a place to attach the nitrogen on the nitro functional group NO2.
Explosive terrorism characteristics of explosives and explosions
Published in Robert A. Burke, Counter-Terrorism for Emergency Responders, 2017
The other bonding spot on the nitrogen is attached to a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon-derivative backbone of some type. These backbones may include methane, and others. A nitro compound is a hydrocarbon with one or more hydrogen atoms removed and replaced by the nitro functional group NO2. If more than one nitro radical is used, they are represented by the Greek prefix indicating the number; “di-” for two, “tri-” for three, and “tetra-” indicating four.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on a suitable organic molecule. They contain one or more nitro functional groups (–NO2). Aromatic nitro compounds are highly explosive, especially when the compound contains more than one nitro group. The presence of impurities or improper handling can also trigger a violent exothermic decomposition, i.e., trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). Chloramphenicol is a rare example of a naturally occurring nitro compound. The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen gas over a platinum catalyst gives aniline. (See Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistryfor more details.)
Remediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Persistent in the Environment – A review
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2020
Presence of nitroaromatic explosive residues in the environment poses a great threat to surface water, subsurface soil and groundwater.2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)is popular among other explosives bothin production and usage (Rahal and Moussa 2011; Snellinx et al. 2002; Spain, Hughes, and Knackmuss 2000).TNT and its derivatives such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT)and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) are used in rockets, missiles and as intermediates in the manufacture of polyurethanes, smokeless gun powder, dyestuffs and photographic chemicals. These compounds are released through firing of munitions, industrial effluents, disposal of ordnance, open incineration and through leaching from unlined impoundments. Other nitro compounds such as nitroglycerin (NG), nitrobenzene (NB) nitrocellulose(NC) are also used widely in the manufacture of industrial products like lubricating oils, dyes, and synthetic rubber (EPA 2017; Kalderis, Juhasz, and Boopathy 2011; Rodgers and Bunce 2001).The explosive residues in the soil range from trace quantities to as high as 14000 mg/kg (ATSDR, 1995; MMR, 2001).