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Peripheral Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
The importance of rare earth oxides is on the rise with their use in the energy sector. Rare earth oxides (REOs), such as neodymium oxide, are used in wind turbines, in addition to many other modern devices such as catalytic converters, LCD screens, rechargeable batteries, etc. The wind generators using REOs are more compact, more efficient, and usually require less maintenance, which is especially important in off shore applications. Rare earth metals (REM) are part of a series of elements called the Lanthanides that runs from atomic number 57 to 71. In addition, the elements yttrium 39, thorium 90 and scandium 21 are also considered to be rare earth metals because they share similar properties. Uranium, although often associated with rare earth metals, is not technically a rare earth metal.
Fields in Magnetic Materials
Published in Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji, Electromagnetic Fields, 2020
Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji
In these materials the sum of orbiting and spinning dipole moments is almost zero (i.e. morb + mspin ≈ 0). These materials have a small positive susceptibility to the magnetic fields. Thus with the application of external field the internal field slightly enhances. Since this increase is almost negligible the internal and external magnetic fields can be regarded to be the same. Like diamagnetic materials, these materials also do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed. The properties of these materials arise due to the presence of some unpaired electrons, and from the realignment of the electron paths caused by the external magnetic field. These materials include potassium, oxygen, tungsten, and other rare earth materials and many of their salts such as erbium chloride, neodymium, oxide, and yttrium oxide.
Ceramic Capacitor Technology
Published in Lionel M. Levinson, Electronic Ceramics, 2020
Manfred Kahn, Darnall P. Burks, Ian Burn, Walter A. Schulze
Other titanates. Some capacitor applications require that the dielectric constant be very insensitive to changes in temperature (e.g., <30 ppm/°C). For these requirements, materials with a lower dielectric constant must be used. Compositions based on the system BaONd2O3-TiO2 provide good temperature stability with a K of about 60. A typical composition might contain 12-20 mol% BaO, 12-20 mol% Nd2O3, and 60- 70 mol% TiO2. Sometimes a mixture of rare earth oxides has been used instead of neodymium oxide alone (32). Additions of Bi2O3 to this system can increase the dielectric constant close to 100 (33,34). Compositions of this type have also been modified by adding fluxes or glass-forming oxides. These lower the sintering temperature and permit cofiving with 70% Ag-30% Pd electrodes in multilayer capacitors (37, 36).
Green synthesis of ionic liquid mediated neodymium oxide nanoparticles via Couroupita guianensis abul leaves extract with its biological applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Veerasingam Muthulakshmi, Chinnalagu Dhilip Kumar, Mahalingam Sundrarajan
Neodymium oxide NPs were successfully synthesized by mediating C. guianensis abul leaves extract. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM BF4) was incorporated into the Nd2O3 NPs to improve the structural stability by controlling the surface morphology. The structural properties of Nd2O3and Nd2O3-IL NPs were confirmed by the PXRD. The UV–Vis spectra provide the optical absorbance peak for Nd2O3 at 210 nm and Nd2O3-IL at 221 nm. Furthermore, the luminescence spectrum provides the excitation wavelength of Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs at 386 and 554 nm, respectively, by emitting the blue and green light emission. The particle size and electronic configuration of as prepared Nd2O3-IL NPs were confirmed by the DLS and XPS analyses. The morphology, particle size, orientation, and lattice spacing were confirmed by SEM and HR-TEM analyses. The purity and weight percentage of the Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs were investigated from EDAX spectra and mapping. The Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs were investigated for their potential rate of inhibition against pathogenic bacterial infections, oxidation of cells, diabetes and inflammations with the standard inhibiting drugs. The Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs were also tested for cancer treatment due to their potential inhibiting activity.
Low-temperature synthesis of SrCrO4 nanorod particles from strontium sulfate
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
The chemical precipitation method is widely used in the literature in the synthesis of nanoparticles. This method has been used for the synthesis of CoWO4 nano particles,[2] CuMoO4 nano particles,[3] and dyspersium tungstate nanoparticles.[4] Pourmortazavi et al.[5] prepared neodymium carbonate and neodymium oxide nanoparticles by the precipitation method. Eghballi-Arani et al.[6] prepared SmVO4 nanoparticles by the precipitation method. Pourmortazavi et al.[7] prepared silver nanoparticles by the precipitation method. Eghballi-Arani et al.[8] synthesized YbVO4 and YbVO4/CuWO4 nanocomposites by the sonochemical method. Sobhani-Nasab et al.[9] reported that MnWO4/TmVO4 nano-hybrids were synthesized by the precipitation method.
Studies on the nature of salicyl hydroxamate adsorption at the surface of neodymium oxide
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Marc Sime, Avimanyu Das, Greer Galt, Gregory Hope, Courtney Young
Rare earth minerals are often a mixture of more than one rare earth cation, bonded to more than one counter ion. The rare earth oxide surface must be made hydrophobic through adsorption of collector. This is the first of a series of studies aimed at investigating the fundamentals of SHA and other collectors adsorption on all components of rare earth minerals. A generalized model can then be built to explain the adsorption mechanisms of SHA and other collectors on the surfaces of complex rare earth minerals. In the present study, the focus was on adsorption of SHA on neodymium oxide. Through various experimental methods, characterization techniques and theoretical calculations a comprehensive effort was made to explain the adsorption behavior. The overall objective is to suggest how flotation of rare earth minerals can be optimized so that their recovery can be maximized.