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Properties and Applications of Rare Earth Oxides, Alloys, and Compounds
Published in A. R. Jha, Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems, 2019
It is interesting to note that neodymium, cerium, and lanthanum metals are found in abundance in the Earth’s crust and are widely used in commercial and industrial applications. Neodymium-YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) is widely used in the design and development of infrared lasers emitting at various wavelengths, each optimized for specific scientific and medical applications. As a metal, neodymium offers several industrial scientific applications such as dielectric coatings, multispectral lasers, and multilayer capacitors for possible applications in high-power electronic components and systems. It should be noted that its electrical conductivity is 64 microohm-cm at an operating temperature of 1000°C, whereas its thermal conductivity is about 16.5 W/cm-K. Also of note is that Japan held a key technology patent for neodymium-based Nd-iron-boron permanent magnets, which expired at the end of 2014. This particular permanent magnet is best suited for multiple commercial and industrial applications. Note that some rare earth–based materials have been deployed in the design and development of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, which have been included in the defense system supply chain. Such components are currently deployed in mission computers and hard drives to reduce procurement costs with no compromise to reliability and safety.
Sustainable Recycling Technology for Electronic Waste
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
Sandip Chatterjee, Archana Kumari, Manis Kumar Jha
The unique properties of rare earth minerals have attracted significant attention at NML and particularly their recovery from e-wastes. A process for the recovery of neodymium as a value-added product from waste hard disk of PCs was developed. In this process, the magnets are initially demagnetised and crushed to reduce the size for dissolution in an acidic medium at an optimised temperature. A neodymium salt was obtained by precipitation from the leach liquor obtained. The salt formed was further leached in hydrogen fluoride for few minutes to form the value-added product neodymium fluoride (Lee et al., 2011; Jha et al., 2013a).
Mg-RE-Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
Published in Yufeng Zheng, Magnesium Alloys as Degradable Biomaterials, 2015
Neodymium (Nd), with a density of 6.8 g/cm3, is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. The most successful application of Nd is in the NdFeB permanent magnets, which can be used in computers (disks, voice coil motors, printer hammer, etc.), automobiles (sensors, electric steering, electric fuel pumps, etc.), and consumer electronics (cameras, microphones, loudspeakers, cell phones, etc.) (Brown et al. 2002; Ma et al. 2002; Matsuura 2006). In addition, Nd and its compounds are also used in the Nd-doped lasers, colorant in glasses, additives in rubber, and as an alloying element added into aluminum and Mg alloys (Mears et al. 1985; Zhou et al. 1985; Campbell and Suratwala 2000).
Solvent Extraction, Sequential Separation and Trace Determination of La (III), Ce (III), Nd (III) and Gd (III) with 2, 14-bis[m-nitrophenyl]-Calix[4]Resorcinarene-8, 20-bis[N- phenylbenzo]-dihydroxamic Acid
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2023
C. R. Sharma, R. N. Patadia, Y. K. Agrawal
Neodymium is one of the rare earth elements, and is primarily obtained from the minerals monazite and bastnasite. It can be separated from other rare earths using ion-exchange or solvent extraction techniques,[5,6] and can be reduced from anhydrous halides such as NdF3 with calcium metal. It has a wide range of applications, including in ceramics for coloring glazes, alloys for permanent magnets, and special lenses in combination with praseodymium.[7] Neodymium also produces bright purple glass and special glass that filters infrared radiation. It is also used in didymium, a mixture of neodymium and praseodymium,[8] for coloring glass in welders goggles. Additionally, glass containing Neodymium can be used as a laser material to produce coherent light, and neodymium salts are used as a colorant for enamels.
Solvent extraction of dysprosium with Cyanex 923
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2019
Eliza Padhan, Kadambini Sarangi
There is a huge increase in the demand of dysprosium during last few decades due to its distinctive properties and wide range of applications. It is being used in alloys for neodymium-based permanent magnet (Willman et al. 1991) due to its property of demagnetisation at high temperature. It is also used for laser materials (Jayasimhadri et al. 2006). As its application is increasing day by day, its extraction and recovery from primary sources as well as from secondary sources have been studied by many authors. Gupta and Krishnamurthy (2005) described different processes such as selective oxidation, selective reduction, precipitation, fractional crystallisation, fractional precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction for the separation of rare earths. Among all these processes, the solvent extraction process is a proven technology and has been widely used in industries.