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Azadirachta indica: Imperative Mini-Opinions on an Ethnopharmacological Savior
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Anshda Bhatnagar, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Testing was done on four plants by taking their aqueous extracts for characterizing their larvicidal properties. Initially, laboratory-reared larvae were kept open to 1 to 5 ppm concentrations of the extricates of A. indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Nerium indicum, and Datura metel which showed that the A. indica elicited 70–99% mortality, followed by G. sylvestre 44–89%, N. indicum 41–74%, and D. metel elicited 19–54% mortality to larvae. The extracts of A. indica and G. sylvestre were found to be significantly effective in controlling Culex larvae [26]. The formulation of neem oil was identified to be effective in controlling mosquito larvae in various breeding sites under certain natural field conditions. Neem oil formulations are relatively less toxic, more eco-friendly. Insects were unable to develop resistance and may be used as an alternative to other pesticides for control of vector-borne diseases [27].
Experimental and Statistical Investigation of Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel and Diesel Blends
Published in C. S. P. Rao, G. Amba Prasad Rao, N. Selvaraj, P. S. C. Bose, V. P. Chandramohan, Mechanical Engineering for Sustainable Development, 2019
Sayyed Siraj, H. M. Dharmadhikari
Neem (Melia azadirachta) is of Meliaceae family. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta and is native to India and Burma, growing in tropical and semitropical regions. Neem is a fast-growing tree and can reach up to a height of 15–20 merrily to 35–40 m. It bears an ovoid fruit, 2 × 1 cm2 and each seed contains one kernel. The seed kernels, which weigh 0.2 g, constitute some 50–60%. The fruit yield per tree is 37–55 kg. Neem oil can be used as soaps, medicinal, and insecticide.8,22 Major fatty acid compositions of oil are palmitic acid 19.4%, stearic acid 21.2%, oleic acid 42.1%, linoleic acid 14.9%, and arachidic acid 1.4%. Neem oil is unusual in containing nonlipid associates often loosely termed as “bitters” and organic sulfur compounds that impart a pungent, disagreeable odor.9,23 The fatty acid composition of karanja and neem oil has been reported in Table 33.1.
Phytoconstituents from Neem with Multiple Activities
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Suman Chaudhary, Rupinder Kaur Kanwar, Teenu Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
The immunomodulatory role of neem oil has been long investigated. Intraperitoneal treatment of mice with neem oil has been known to significantly enhance the phagocytic activity, along with elevation in the expression of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigens. Further, the treatment of spleen cells with neem oil has shown significant lymphocyte proliferation after three days of treatment, thus indicating the potential of neem oil as a nonspecific immunostimulant with an ability to activate a cell-mediated immune response (Upadhyay et al., 1992). Another study exploited the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic property of neem seed oil by revealing the significant role of nimbidin tetranortriterpene as the active agent. Results indicated that oral administration of nimbidin inhibited macrophage migration to peritoneal cavities as a result of inflammatory stimuli. Further, it prevented phagocytosis along with respiratory burst stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in the cells. It also inhibited prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Thus, suggesting a significant role of nimbidin in inhibiting macrophage and neutrophil functions (Kaur et al., 2004). Although the studies have evidenced the immunomodulatory role of neem oil, its inherent, unpleasant, sharp odor makes it unpalatable and limits its use for pharmacological applications. Also, neem oil intoxication can produce nausea, diarrhea, encephalopathy, and acidosis in humans (Elakovich, 1996).
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of oil-in-water nanoemulsions: stability and rheological characteristics
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
For century’s, neem oil-based biopesticides have been extensively used for crop cultivation and protection. Neem oil have insecticidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal properties.[18] The principal components that have insecticidal activity in neem extracts are limonoid, azadirachtin. Azadirachtin in the neem oil, has remarkable insecticidal potential, which has impact on most of the pest species. As a biopesticide Azadirachtin is known to have very little effect on non-targeted organisms, for example, pollinators,[19]Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Triboliumcastaneum,[20]Escherichia coli, Candida albicans,[21] and so on. Though neem oil-based bio-pesticides are effective, however several issues, such as (i) regulation of such pesticide in agriculture; (ii) easily scalable formulations; and (iii) their degradation behavior in the environment, need attention.
Preparation and physicochemical properties evaluation of epoxidized neem oil-based bio-lubricant
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Mohammed Kareemullah, Asif Afzal, K. Fazlur Rehman, Vishwanath K C, Hurmathulla Khan, Manzoore Elahi. M. Soudagar, Abdul Razak Kaladgi
Neem oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seed of the Neem. Neem oil varies in colour; it can be golden yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown, dark brown, greenish brown or bright red. It has a rather strong odour that is said to combine the odours, of peanut and garlic. It is composed mainly of triglycerides and contains many triterpenoid compounds, which are responsible for the bitter taste. It is hydrophobic in nature in order to emulsify. It is in water for application purpose and it must be formulated with appropriate surfactants. Azadirachtin is the most well-known and studied triterpenoid in Neem oil. The Azadirachtin content of Neem oil varies from 300ppm to over 250ppm depending on the extracting technology and quality of the Neem seeds crushed.
Effect of diethyl ether blended with neem oil methyl esters in CI engine
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2019
J. Jayaprabakar, M. Anish, N. Beemkumar, Alwin Mathew, Amit Alex George
Neem oil is extracted from the crushed seeds of the Neem plant (Can, Celikten, and Usta 2004). As the plant matures, pods are formed, which are similar in shape to pea pods, each pod contains about 20 tiny round black or brownish-yellow seeds. It is the third most consumed vegetable oil in the world and an average Neem seed contains 45% oil. It has less than half fat content than olive or soybean oil. This oil is processed under transesterification method to make it a biodiesel which would be equivalent to the diesel characteristics by adding methanol/ethanol along with a catalyst. It is very highly efficient biodiesels.