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Feedstock Composition and Properties
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Also, by way of a further reminder, natural gas condensate (also called condensate, or gas condensate, or natural gasoline) is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural gas fields ((Mokhatab et al., 2006; Speight, 2007, 2014a). Some gas constituents within the raw (unprocessed) natural gas will condense to a liquid state if the temperature is reduced to below the hydrocarbon dew point temperature at a set pressure. There are many condensate sources, and each has its own unique gas condensate composition.
Recovery of Hydrocarbon Fuel from Mixture of Municipal Waste Plastics Using Catalyst
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2020
Raihan Ahamed, Shameem Hossain, Mizanul Haque, Salma A. Iqbal
The chemical composition of the waste plastic fuel is a mixture of different hydrocarbon of different carbon numbers. To use the fuel by their property, it is needed to fractionate hydrocarbons by distillation. The distillation curve provides a breadth of information about the crude oil or the petroleum fuel. In certain respects, the boiling point distribution is representative of the composition of the petroleum fraction. Therefore, by determining the volume per cent of the components in a conventional hydrocarbon fuel solution, the overall physical properties can be determined. The ASTM Distillation test is done for gasoline, naphtha (A naphtha is a volatile petroleum fraction, usually boiling in the gasoline range), and kerosene (D86). The comparison of the distillation curve among waste plastic fuel, natural gas condensate and Arabian light crude oil is shown in Figure 13.
Heavy crude oil viscosity reduction by dilution with hydrocarbons obtained via pyrolysis of polypropylene and polystyrene
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2020
Gerardo Martínez-Narro, Cuauhtémoc Pozos-Vázquez, Alejandro Núñez-Delgado, Daniela Morán-Medellín, Virginia Elizabeth Lara-Zárate
Dilution consists in the mixing of heavy crude oil with lighter liquid hydrocarbons, typically natural gas condensate, but lighter crude oils or fractions such as naphtha are also used. Other diluents frequently used are heptane and toluene. A proportion of 20–30% of solvent is usually sufficient to avoid high pressure drops or the need for high temperatures, making this an effective option to reduce the oil viscosity and aid its mobility through the pipeline. The dilution option has some challenges, any change in crude oil composition can affect the required solvent to oil ratio (Martínez-Palou et al. 2011). The content of asphaltenes in crude oil may respond differently to the addition of solvents of different nature (Minale, Merola, and Carotenuto 2018). Simple mixing rules do not apply directly, therefore, it is important to predetermine the solvent to oil ratio. In addition, experience has shown that, to comply with pipeline viscosity specifications, more diluent than necessary is used to meet the API gravity specification (Martínez-Palou et al. 2011), to that end, density also turns out to be an important parameter for adequate pipeline transportation.
Partial molar properties from molecular simulation using multiple linear regression
Published in Molecular Physics, 2019
Tyler R. Josephson, Ramanish Singh, Mona S. Minkara, Evgenii O. Fetisov, J. Ilja Siepmann
We introduce and validate this method using a model natural gas condensate characterised experimentally by Urlic et al. [60]. Urlic et al. measured bubble and dew points for a model natural gas condensate with , and . At K, they measured a bubble point pressure of 17.4 MPa. After performing a few iterations of VLE simulations in the NVT-Gibbs ensemble, we identified simulation settings that achieved a similar liquid composition, so as to compare our bubble point properties with those of Urlic et al.