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Biomechanics in Cardiac Development Using 4D Light-Sheet Imaging
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Victoria Messerschmidt, Juhyun Lee
From the CFD simulation, we can determine the area-averaged wall shear stress (AWSS) and time-averaged wall shear stress (TWSS), which are the average shear stress acting on the endocardium over time and on the entire ventricle for one cardiac cycle, respectively (Fig. 8.5A). A gata1a morpholino oligomer (MO) injection was performed to reduce viscosity, leading to a reduction in shear stress and concomitant attenuation in trabeculation [5, 26]. As a corollary, gata1a MO also reduced the time-averaged AWSS as compared to the control (Fig. 8.5A). Upon simulation with application of the normal viscosity value of blood to the viscosity of gata1a MO-injected ventricular chamber, we observed a near normalization of AWSS to that of the control (Fig. 8.5B). This observation was consistent with the contribution of blood viscosity to shear stress-mediated trabeculation [5]. ErbB signaling inhibition, which directly impacts trabeculation, also attenuated trabeculation, leading to reduced AWSS [10, 11]. While shear stress initiates trabeculation [5], application of cardiac mechanics with CFD simulation further provides a quantitative approach to define the AWSS and TWSS in response to various genetic manipulations for studying cardiac development (Fig. 8.6B,C).
Metal-free domino amination-Knoevenagel condensation approach to access new coumarins as potent nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and EGFR
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021
Essam M. Eliwa, Marcel Frese, Ahmed H. Halawa, Maha M. Soltan, Larissa V. Ponomareva, Jon S. Thorson, Khaled A. Shaaban, Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed M. El-Agrody, Norbert Sewald
Next, anti-proliferative potency of our synthesized compounds was tested against A549 (non-small lung) and PC3 (prostate) human cancer cell lines using also resazurin-based cytotoxicity assay as reported by Thorson research group [50–52] (Table 2, Figure 3). Similar trend was detected with 4e (the most active) against A549 (IC50 = 12.94 ± 1.51 µM), whilst 9d was found to be the best toward PC3 (IC50 = 7.31 ± 0.48 µM). From overall cytotoxicity results, compound 8d that bearing malononitrile fragment and morpholino unit showed selectivity against PC3 (IC50 = 20.16 ± 0.07 µM), while 8e that embraced 4-AMP core instead of morpholine ring was selective toward KB-3-1 cell line. The remaining molecules pretended with low cytotoxic effect. Grounded on these outcomes, we concluded that the 4-AMP and morpholine moieties would be the optimal cyclic secondary amines in this study.
Differential expression of hepatic genes with embryonic exposure to an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Meredith E. Bohannon, Tom E. Porter, Emma T. Lavoie, Mary Ann Ottinger
Total RNA was extracted from the liver using the RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The protocol was modified to use a 50% ethanol solution instead of 70% for RNA binding to the column in order to yield higher RNA levels, according to a modification made by Head and Kennedy (2007). RNA was quantified by measuring absorbance at 260 nm with reference at 280 nm; sample quality was assessed with 1 × 3-[N-morpholino]propanesulfonic acid/3% (w/v) formaldehyde/1% (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis.