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Environmental Fate and Transport of Solvent-Stabilizer Compounds
Published in Thomas K.G. Mohr, William H. DiGuiseppi, Janet K. Anderson, James W. Hatton, Jeremy Bishop, Barrie Selcoe, William B. Kappleman, Environmental Investigation and Remediation, 2020
Thomas K.G. Mohr, James Hatton
Bernhardt and Diekmann (1991) studied degradation of 1,4-dioxane, THF, and other cyclic ethers by the actinobacterium strain Rhodococcus from forest soil or sludge that was obtained from the settling basin of an aerobic wastewater purification plant at a chemical firm. Despite considerable effort, no strains were enriched or isolated when 1,4-dioxane or cyclohexane was the sole carbon substrate. Six strains belonging to the genus Rhodococcus that degrade THF were isolated and classified. A strain that degraded dioxane instead of or in combination with THF was further characterized. Rhodococcus Strain 219 grows fast and degrades 1,4-dioxane at an optimal temperature of 30°C. The maximum growth rate, μmax, of Strain 219 on 1,4-dioxane in the presence of 7.5 mM THF was 0.019 hours−1. Growth occurred in as little as 0.22 mM (16,000 µg/L) THF. In the shaker test, at the end of the logarithmic growth phase, no THF or 1,4-dioxane could be detected by gas chromatography; COD measurement in the supernatant after centrifugation was zero, which was interpreted to mean that no intermediates had accumulated and the substances were totally destroyed. A total of 34 compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen, including the stabilizers 1,3-dioxolane, morpholine, and n-methyl morpholine, were tested. Oxygen demands were 0.37 and 2.32 for 1,3-dioxolane and 1,4-dioxane, respectively, and zero for the morpholine compounds. The presumed primary products of THF and 1,4-dioxane degradation were THF-2-ol and 1,4-dioxane-2-ol, but these compounds were not analytically identified.
Water Pollution
Published in M. Brett Borup, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Pollution Control in the Petrochemicals Industry, 2018
M. Brett Borup, E. Joe Middlebrooks
Activated carbon adsorption systems are often used to remove residual organic compounds from both aqueous and gaseous wastestreams from petrochemical plants. Compounds in the alcohol, aldehyde, amine, pyridine, morpholine, aromatic, ester, ether, glycol, glycol ether, ketone, organic acid, oxide and halogenated organic groups have been found to be amenable to carbon adsorption (Giusti et al, 1974). Carbon adsorption studies conducted using municipal/industrial wastewater have also shown that granular activated carbon is an effective treatment method for the removal of the US EPA's "priority pollutants" (McManus et al. 1985). The activated carbon process has been well studied and is outlined in many wastewater treatment texts and other handbooks (US EPA, 1973; Tchobanoglous and Schroeder, 1985). A review of the literature on activated carbon adsorption as a treatment concept used in the petrochemical industry was presented by Matthews (1978).
A New Approach to Catalytic Oxidation Through Copper Promoted Activation of Molecular Oxygen
Published in Mike G. Scaros, Michael L. Prunier, Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2017
According to literature data, the Cu(II) ion is unable to promote the reaction of phenol with oxygen in pyridine at room temperature, whereas in the presence of a secondary amine, like morpholine, the reaction takes place and 4,5-dimorpholino-1,2-benzoquinone is formed.3 However, Cu(II) ion catalyzed the oxidation of catechol to ortho-quinone.4 The activation of O2 toward phenols on metallic copper has hardly been investigated. Capdevielle and Maumy detected a copper catecholate complex as hydroxylation product of substituted phenols,5 whereas preliminary data indicated that catalytic oxidation of phenol in methanol-pyridine solution leads to 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone.6
Carbon Dioxide Contamination of Aqueous Morpholine Solutions and Effects on Secondary Coolant Chemistry Under CANDU Conditions
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
O. Fandiño, J. S. Cox, C. McGregor, J. Conrad, K. Liao, P. R. Tremaine
Morpholine, O(CH2CH2)2NH, is a heterocyclic amine used in the secondary coolant of nuclear reactors for pH control. Amines similar to morpholine are also used as carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbers in post-combustion carbon-capture technologies, and morpholine itself is known to react with CO2 (Ref. 1). In addition, it has been established that cyclic amines similar to morpholine can have faster absorption rates and a higher capacity for carbon dioxide absorption at low CO2 partial pressures, relative to other amines such as monoethanolamine.2 The concern has been raised that CO2 may be absorbing into the 50 wt% (11.5 mol·kg−1) morpholine solution in the bulk feed drums while in storage at Ontario Power Generation (OPG) sites, thus decreasing the pH and causing the unanticipated addition of carbon dioxide when these solutions are deployed. The possibility for CO2 absorption during transfer/dilution, as well as in the sampling of secondary-side coolant solutions, such as those containing dilute morpholine solution (i.e., 60 ppm/0.006 wt%/7.00 × 10−4 mol·kg−1 or less), is also currently unknown.
Thermodynamics and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures at various temperatures (Morpholine, 2-methoxyether, 2-ethoxyether and 2-butoxyether)
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
D. Bala, M. Gowrisankar, D. Ramachandran, Mohan Krishna Murthy
The liquids were chosen in the present study on the basis of their industrial importance.2-Alkoxyethanol are useful in printing and other specialised coating applications due to fast evaporation and high solubility in water and active solvency make it ideal, for a variety of cleaning applications such as cleaning fluids, paints, coatings and inks. Morpholine is a cyclic molecule, which contains both the amine and the ether group and is particularly suitable for extraction, extractive distillation and solvent application in the petrochemical industry (Amlnabhavi et al. 1993).
Metal or metal-free phthalocyanines containing morpholine substituents: synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Ümit Demirbaş, Mehmet Pişkin, Mahmut Durmuş, Halit Kantekin
Morpholines are organic heterocyclic compounds containing both amine and ether groups. Morpholine derivatives are widely used in many industrial applications [14]. Besides their industrial importance, morpholine derivatives are also widely used in biological and pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory [15], antioxidant [16], tyrosinase inhibitor [17] and anticancer agents [18].