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Removal of Organic Contaminants From Water Using Sonolysis
Published in Gregory D. Boardman, Hazardous and Industrial Wastes, 2022
Xrominder PS. Suri, Michael R. Paraskewich, Qibin Zhang
The γ is a value which is inversely proportional to the internal degrees of freedom of a gas. Diatomic gases have higher degrees of freedom than monatomic gases. Hence, γ is higher for monatomic gases. When a gas is compressed or heated, the energy is partitioned across the internal degrees of freedom. For gases with high gamma values, the temperature as a result of cavity implosion will be higher. On the other hand, if the gas is thermally conductive, then heat will escape and a lower temperature will be achieved inside the bubble. Therefore, for the gases studied in this study, Argon appeared to be the most favorable gas for TCE destruction and is probably due to high specific heat ratio and low thermal conductivity.
Gases: comparison with experiment
Published in Michael de Podesta, Understanding the Properties of Matter, 2020
For monatomic gases, we expect molecules to have no internal degrees of freedom. Therefore, there should be just three degrees of freedom per molecule, corresponding to the kinetic energy of molecule in each of the x-, y- and z- directions. Using p=3 in Equation 5.38 gives a prediction of CP=20.786 J K−1mol−1. As we can see from Figure 5.7, this value agrees closely with the data for monatomic gases given in Table 5.6 and Figure 5.3. We may take this as an indication that that the internal energy of a monatomic gas really is held in the kinetic energy of its constituent atoms, and in no other way.
Transport properties of real moist air, dry air, steam, and water
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Sebastian Herrmann, Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar, Vikrant C. Aute, Donald P. Gatley, Eckhard Vogel
In contrast to the viscosity, the formulation for the thermal conductivity of a dense fluid mixture consists of a translational (mon - monatomic) and an internal (int) contribution: The translational contribution is given similar to the formulae for the viscosity as with Here and are the translational contributions of the thermal conductivity in the limit of zero density which can be derived from the corresponding values of the viscosity in the same limit: is the molar ideal-gas heat capacity of a monatomic gas at constant volume. follows with instead of the molar mass and instead of represents a temperature-dependent relationship between different collision integrals and amounts to about 1.1 to 1.2. The parameters and are analogous to and respectively, and characterize the shortening of the mean free-path of a collision between like or unlike molecules. The contact value of the pseudo-radial distribution function, follows from the thermal conductivity of the pure component, after subtracting the critical enhancement The parameter is deduced using a switch-over molar density, and the following relationship: with Analogous mixing rules as formulated for the viscosity are applied to obtain the mixture quantities and