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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Neon (Ne). Neon is a gaseous nonmetallic element that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Neon is present in the earth’s atmosphere at 0.0012% of normal air. It is nonflammable, nontoxic, and nonreactive and does not form chemical compounds with any other chemicals. It is, however, an asphyxiating gas and will displace oxygen in the air.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Neon, Ne, LF/LR Neon is a gaseous, nonmetallic element of the noble gas family. It is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. Neon is present in the earth’s atmosphere at 0.0012% of normal air. It is nonflammable, nontoxic and nonreactive. It does not form chemical compounds with any other chemicals. It is, however, an asphyxiant gas and displaces oxygen in the air. The boiling point of neon is −410°F. It is slightly soluble in water. Neon has a vapor density of 0.6964, which is lighter than air. The UN 4-digit identification number is 1065 for the compressed gas and 1913 for the cryogenic liquid. Its primary uses are in luminescent electric tubes and photoelectric bulbs. It is also used in high-voltage indicators, lasers (liquid) and cryogenic research.
The Schrödinger Wave Equation
Published in Daniel D. Pollock, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of MATERIALS for ENGINEERS 2ND EDITION, 2020
Neon, with ten electrons, has a completed 2p level and forms a 1s2 2s2 2p6 array. The p level is completed (n = 2, ℓ = 1), and the maximum number of combinations is 2(2ℓ + 1) = 6. Here, the electrons of the completed p level are very tightly bound to the nucleus and very stable, noble gas behavior, like that of helium, results. This highly stable electron array resists interactions with other elements so that it does not normally form compounds. The inert behavior of neon, and the other gases with similar outer p6 configurations, is the reason for the appelation “noble gases”.
A four-parameter generalized van der Waals equation of state: theoretical determination of thermodynamic stability boundary and vapor–liquid equilibrium of vanadium, niobium and tantalum
Published in Phase Transitions, 2023
Ramesh Arumugam, Balasubramanian Ramasamy
In fact, several four-parameter equations of state(4EoS) have been formulated for various substances. The 4EoS proposed by Adachi and Lu [13] has been applied to pure substances and mixtures. The 4EoS proposed by Sun and Ely [14] is applied to non-polar, polar and associating fluids. The 4EoS proposed by Eberhart [15] is applied to estimate the spinodal temperature of water. The 4EoS proposed by Polishuk et al [16] is applied to binary mixtures. The 4EoS proposed by Luis et al [17] is applied to polar and non-polar substances. The 4EoS proposed by Yokozeki [18] is applied to pure substances and mixtures of argon, carbon dioxide and methane. The 4EoS proposed by Tomaschitz [19] is applied to nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and helium. The 4EoS proposed by Chouaieb and Bellagi [20] is applied to determine the vapor–liquid equilibrium properties of argon, neon, krypton, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and ethene. However, the study of vanadium, niobium and tantalum based on four-parameter equations of state are scarce. In fact, Li et al. [21] have applied a 4EoS to several metals including vanadium, niobium and tantalum in the solid state and this equation of state has not been applied to these metals in the fluid state. In this respect, the four-parameter generalized van der Waals equation of state given by Eq. (1) differs from other known 4EoSs.
NMR of quadrupole noble gases in liquid crystals
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2020
where is the quadrupole coupling tensor element in the direction of the liquid crystal director, eQi is the electric nuclear quadrupole moment, is the average total EFG in the direction of the liquid crystal director, is the Sternheimer anti-shielding factor [7] and θ is the angle between the external magnetic field and the liquid crystal director. In the following, we treat, as an example, neon-21, krypton-83 and xenon-131 in thermotropic liquid crystal Merck ZLI 1167 [11]. This liquid crystal possesses negative diamagnetic anisotropy, and consequently its director orients perpendicularly to the external magnetic field. The total EFG at the nuclear site constitutes two contributions; one from the LC molecules and the other one from the deformation of the electron cloud of the noble gas atom [10]. Ai and Bi refer to these contributions [9]. The orientational order parameter is modelled by the Haller function [12]
Accurate second Kerr virial coefficient of rare gases from the state-of-the-art ab initio potentials and (hyper)polarizabilities
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
In this work, the most accurate ab initio potentials V(R) [14–18], interaction-induced anisotropy polarizabilities Δα(R) [9,19–22], and interaction-induced isotropic hyperpolarizabilities Δγ(R) [9,23,24] in the literature will be used to calculate the second Kerr virial coefficient of rare gases. R is the separation between two rare gas atoms. The BK of helium-4, helium-3, neon, argon, and krypton and its polarizability component of xenon at temperatures down to around 100 K will be computed using classical statistical mechanics with quantum corrections up to second order. For helium and neon gases, the Padé approximant will be employed to extend the temperature range further down to 25 K. The temperature range is 25–10,000 K for helium and neon, 83.806 K (the triple-point temperature of argon) to 10,000 K for argon, 115.78 K (the triple-point temperature of krypton) to 5000 K for krypton, and 161.41 K (the triple-point temperature of xenon) to 5000 K for xenon. To facilitate the applications related to the second Kerr virial coefficient of rare gases, the uncertainty of BK will be estimated from the uncertainties of potentials, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities. When the uncertainties of interaction-induced properties are not provided in their original publications, we will carefully assess the missing uncertainty information based on reasonable procedures.