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An Overview of the Effect of Graphene as a Metal Protector Against Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC)
Published in Hatem M.A. Amin, Ahmed Galal, Corrosion Protection of Metals and Alloys Using Graphene and Biopolymer Based Nanocomposites, 2021
Reza Javaherdashti, Rahil Sarjahani
Microbial corrosion is the corrosion brought about by the activities and presence of microbes. This occurs in several forms and can be managed by traditional control methods and biocides. This process of degeneration chiefly acts on metalloids, metals and rock-based materials. Apart from bacteria, microbial corrosion can also be influenced by micro algae, inorganic and organic chemicals. This form of corrosion affects entities like power plants and chemical industries, as well as facilities that make use of cooling towers.
A Kinetic Model for Bactericidal Action in Biofilms
Published in A. K. Tiller, C. A. C. Sequeira, Microbial Corrosion, 2021
P. M. Gaylarde, C. C. Gaylarde
Much recent work has focused on the importance of biofilms in microbial corrosion. It is well known that microorganisms present in biofilms are in some way protected from the action of biocides [1,2] either by lack of penetration of the chemicals through the polysaccharide matrix [3] and/or because of an altered cell sensitivity [4]. An accepted method for measuring biocide activity in the laboratory is to determine a time-kill relationship with respect to biocide concentration. At any given temperature and biocide concentration, the rate of cell death is usually an approximately first order process [5,6]. The physiological state of the microorganisms is important and factors such as nutrients, ionic strength, pH and the age of the culture modify the rate of cell death [7, 8].
Fabrication and Application of Graphene Oxide-based Metal and Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
Babak Jaleh, Samira Naghdi, Nima Shahbazi, Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh
Typically, corrosion occurs under acidic conditions, but in some environments it can happen by microbes even under neutral pH conditions and ambient temperatures, which is usually more complicated than the corrosion in acidic condition. In microbial corrosion, microbes develop biofilm coatings on the metal surface in an aqueous environment, and these biofilm layers may alter the metal-solution interface and lead to increase in metallic corrosion rate (see Sanar et al. 2010). This kind of corrosion limits the use of metallic structures in a variety of applications. A typical method to prevent microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) is developing passive physical or chemical layers on the metallic surfaces (see Sanar et al. 2010). Krishnamurthy et al. reported the use of graphene as a passive layer for MIC of metals for more than 2700 h. They investigated the effectiveness of the graphene coating from MIC by using Ni foam as an electrode in a microbial fuel cell. They showed that the MIC rates of Ni foam with graphene coating are effectively lower than the Ni foam without graphene coating (see Krishnamurthy et al. 2013). They also reported the better protection ability of an ultra-thin graphene layer as an anti-MIC coating in comparison to the two commercial polymeric coatings, Parylene-C (PA) and Polyurethane (PU). They showed that the dissolution rate of graphene-coated Ni in a corrosion cell was an order of magnitude lower than that of PA and PU coated Ni electrodes. Furthermore, they investigated the better performance of as-grown graphene vs. transferred graphene films for anti-MIC applications. They reported that the as-grown graphene coating was devoid of major defects, while wet transfer of graphene introduced large scale defects in graphene structure that made it less suitable for microbial corrosion prevention (see Krishnamurthy et al. 2015).
Corrosion of mild steel: a microbiological point of view
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2022
Several studies pertaining to the national cost of corrosion have been undertaken over the last 5 decades, which came up with corrosion costs ranging from 3% to 4% of each country’s gross domestic product (GDP) [13]. The most recent cost of corrosion study documented that, just in the United States alone; $276 billion were lost annually due to corrosion. This sum includes only the direct cost for replacements. The indirect costs, such as loss of production, environmental impacts, transportation disruptions, injuries, and fatalities, were estimated to be equal to the direct costs. Thus, a more likely cost of corrosion in the US is in the order of a staggering $552 billion representing 6% of the GDP. The annual cost of all forms of corrosion to the oil and gas industry is estimated at $13.4 billion, of which MIC accounts for about $2 billion [14]. The oil and gas industry has a substantial challenge in the form of microbial corrosion of pipelines and equipment, which has a significant economic impact. The annual cost of pipeline corrosion-related maintenance is projected to be around US$ 15,000 per mile [15].