Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Microencapsulation of Phase Change Materials
Published in Munmaya K. Mishra, Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release, 2019
Jessica Giro-Paloma, Mònica Martínez, A. Inés Fernández, Luisa F. Cabeza
Microcapsules with good mechanical resistance are crucial to allow reversible liquid–solid–liquid phase transitions and to protect the PCM during the whole product life. Microencapsulation is a process of enclosing particles of micrometer size contained in an inert shell to isolate and protect them from the external environment. The shell/core combination is the main point in the fabrication of these microcapsules; the shell’s purpose is to protect the core, and the core’s role is to contain the PCM. The shell can be permeable, semi-permeable, or impermeable, and the core can be in the gas, liquid, or solid state. The shape can be spherical or irregular. A suitable shell material compatible with the core is required. Furthermore, the MPCM description depends on the core material and also on the formation of the shell. Figure 18.3 shows the different types of MPCM, which are as follows: Mononuclear microcapsules contain the shell around the core. Polynuclear capsules have many cores enclosed within the shell. In matrix encapsulation, the core material is distributed homogeneously into the shell material.
Role of Encapsulation in Food Systems: A Review
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Farhan Saeed, Huma Bader-Ul-Ain, Muhammad Afzaal, Nazir Ahmad, Munawar Abbas, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
Microencapsulation had been explored widely in the fields of biomedicine and biopharmaceutics for rehabilitation of cells to the transportation of drug/medicines. Unique properties of encapsulation have made it appropriate for food industry, particularly for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals against various ailments. With the passage of time, the encapsulation of bioactive molecules with certain benefits, for example, antioxidants and probiotics, is escalating.8 Apart from food and pharmaceutics, microcapsules also find numerous applications in other industries like cosmetics, textile industry, and agriculture.39 Various types of organic (polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, polymers, etc.) and inorganic materials have been used as coating material for encapsulation. Similarly, the selection becomes even more complex due to subsequent processing and storage conditions. In general, providing a good protection to the internal coated material, the coating material should have flexibility for application in several microencapsulation techniques. However, not all techniques are suitable for all types of ingredients. Besides, the nature of coating and to be coated material, the flexibility and cost of operation are among the decisive factors to be considered for the selection of a microencapsulation technique. This chapter focuses on available microencapsulation techniques in relation to their potential applications in the domain of food science and technology.
Technical Advancement in Retention of Nutrients during the Spray-Drying Process
Published in M. Selvamuthukumaran, Handbook on Spray Drying Applications for Food Industries, 2019
There are many different microencapsulation techniques which can be employed to microencapsulate nutrients. Spray drying, freeze drying, fluid bed drying, coacervation, internal gelation, extrusion, and emulsification are some of the used microencapsulation techniques. Among these techniques, spray drying is one of the most commonly used techniques since it is easily applicable, easily scalable, and economical. In the spray-drying process, a liquid which can be a solution of emulsion is atomized to heated drying chamber. Although relatively high temperatures (120º–220º C) are used in this technique, drying is only achieved in seconds; therefore, particle temperatures remain low. Dried droplets are separated from humid air in a cyclone chamber (Tontul and Topuz 2015). Fast drying at high temperatures generally has very limited effects on even heat sensitive nutrients. Microencapsulation of spray drying is achieved by drying the feed solution which is composed of core material and carrier materials. Carrier materials cover the nutrients, thereby protecting them from environmental factors during the microencapsulation and the storage of nutrients. Commonly used carrier materials are maltodextrin, gum arabic, and whey protein isolate/concentrate. These carriers are also used in the spray drying of juices since the yield of spray drying is lower than other drying methods due to stickiness problems (Tontul and Topuz 2017). The carrier materials in juices not only increase the yield but also protect the nutrient of juices. The obtained particles are generally spherical with narrow particle size distribution in spray drying.
Microparticulate and nanotechnology mediated drug delivery system for the delivery of herbal extracts
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Sunil Kumar Dubey, Shraddha Parab, Vaishnav Pavan Kumarr Achalla, Avinash Narwaria, Swapnil Sharma, B. H. Jaswanth Gowda, Prashant Kesharwani
The polymer chosen plays a critical role in solubility/dissolution rate enhancement too [41]. The drug trapped inside is released using either of the two mechanisms: in the first mechanism, the drug is dissolved by the dissolution media diffused inside and then released. While in the second mechanism, the release occurs due to surface erosion. The rate of release is altered by the size, shape, and type of polymer used [1]. Microencapsulation can be achieved using one of the four methods: spray-drying, spray cooling, extrusion, and coacervation. Spray-drying is one of the important methods of all the above-mentioned ones [39]. MDDS has been seen useful in making depot formulation of certain hormones, and even for subcutaneous and intramuscular therapy [34]. The polymers used in the preparation of various microparticles are enlisted in Table 1.
Microencapsulation by spray drying of a functional product with mixed juice of acerola and ciriguela fruits containing three probiotic lactobacilli
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Michelle Souza, Amanda Mesquita, Caio Veríssimo, Carlos Grosso, Attilio Converti, Maria Inês Maciel
Spray drying is the most common technique used for microencapsulation, which allows producing small droplets from a feed flux by a spray disk or two-fluid nozzle atomizer, followed by fast water evaporation. Before spray drying, a material, often referred to as carrier agent, is added to protect the active ingredients in the form of a shell or matrix during drying. Microencapsulation can provide several benefits to the encapsulated material such as protection against oxidation, degradation and loss of some volatile compound.[16,17] Spray-drying, which is one of the most important unit operations in the food processing industry, could also be used to transform tropical fruit juices into dried particulate matter. However, the benefits of dehydration of these fruit juices have not been fully explored by local producers and food companies, which have mainly relied on empirical approaches to process the feedstocks.[18]
Microencapsulation of propolis by spray drying: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Kashif Maroof, Ronald F. S. Lee, Lee Fong Siow, Siew Hua Gan
The physicochemical properties and biological activity of microcapsules are very much dependent on the encapsulation methods used.[70] Besides SD, various microencapsulation techniques are available such as FD, complex co-acervation, ionic gelation, emulsification and solvent evaporation. The specific details and advantages/disadvantages of these methods are discussed in Table 2. Selecting microencapsulation method depends upon specific applications and parameters, such as the required particle size, the physicochemical properties of the core and wall materials, the release mechanisms and the process cost.[25] In fact, many of these microencapsulation methods have been applied to propolis power for a myriad of applications (Tables 2 and 3).