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Functionalization Methods of Ceramic Particles
Published in Noureddine Ramdani, Polymer and Ceramic Composite Materials, 2019
Silane is the most extensively used coupling agent for the treatment of a variety of ceramic particles. The polar surfaces of the ceramic fillers are treated by grafting silane coupling agents to enhance dispersion stability in many organic media. In the Ghezelbash et al. study, the surface of nano-alumina (Al2O3) was treated with a γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane silane-coupling agent (KH550) in the presence of HCl acid (Figure 3.1), which introduces organic functional groups on the surface of Al2O3 nanoparticles [1]. The effect of silsesquioxane coating of Al2O3 nanoparticles on their dispersion and on the interfacial strength between nanoparticles and low-density polyethylene composites was investigated. The surface chemistry of the nanoparticles was tailored from hydroxyl groups to alkyl groups with different lengths by reacting methyltrimethoxysilane (C1), octyltriethoxysilane (C8) or octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18) with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The inter-particle distance of the nanocomposite based on C8-coated nanoparticles revealed only a small deviation from the ideal value, showing a very improved particle dispersion in the polymer. The interfacial adhesion between nanoparticles and matrix was also evaluated. The composite based on C18-coated Al2O3 nanoparticles had the highest strain at cavitation/necking suggesting a high interfacial adhesion between nanoparticles and polymer [2].
Superhydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrids
Published in Chang-Sik Ha, Saravanan Nagappan, Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrids, 2018
Chang-Sik Ha, Saravanan Nagappan
Robust and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic fabrics were also fabricated by a simple solution immersion method using fluorine-free coating materials [84]. A superhydrophobic fabric coating was obtained by a two-step solution immersion approach using a silica ormosil coating followed by a PDMS coating. The silica ormosil was synthesized by hydrolyzing hydrophobic methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in methanol under acid (oxalic acid) and base (ammonium hydroxide, 28%) catalysts. The solution was aged for gelation for 48 h and fractioned at various concentrations in methanol and used for the surface modification of the fabric. The fabric was immersed in the hydrophobic ormosil suspension for 30 s and dried at room temperature and modified further by immersion in a PDMS/curing agent (Sylgard 184B) (10:1) solution prepared in tetramethylene oxide solution and cured at 80°C for 2 h. The fabricated fabrics exhibited hydrophobicity to superhydrophobicity, depending on the concentration of the fraction of ormosil in methanol. The obtained superhydrophobic fabrics showed excellent separation behavior for various oils from a water surface.
Preparation, characterisation, and anti-icing properties of superhydrophobic coatings on asphalt mixture
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Yi Zhao, Kaiqi Wen, Jia Wang, Zhen Yang, Min Qin
Superhydrophobic coatings were prepared following the sol–gel method (Espanhol-Soares et al.2020). Thus, 1.2 g of Nano silica particles and 16 ml of isopropanol-water solvent mixtures (the volumetric ratio of isopropanol to water was 3) were mixed in a beaker. Subsequently, concentrated hydrochloric acid (CHAS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), dimethyl dimethoxy silicane (DMDS), methanol, acetone, and coupling agent KH550 were added to the above beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at a low speed for 60 min. The material types and contents of the SHC are listed in Table 3. During the stirring process, the solution gradually became milky white. Moreover, 0.4 ml of the mixed solution was dropped onto the surface of the glass sheet, followed by static cultivation for 24 h. Finally, the samples were dried at 160 °C for 2 h, and superhydrophobic coatings were obtained.
Pseudoboehmite nanorod–polymethylsilsesquioxane monoliths formed by colloidal gelation
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2019
In 2008, Schmidt et al. reported that macroporous monoliths could be fabricated through adherence of dispersed ceramic or polymer particles using melamine–formaldehyde resin as a “glue.” [7] We have also succeeded in producing polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) gels with boehmite nanofiber cores by coating and bonding the nanofibers with trifunctional silicon alkoxide methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) [8]. In these materials, although the proportion of the colloid (nanofibers) in the skeletal framework was not large, it seems that the formation mechanism was similar to that described by Schmidt et al. The boehmite nanofiber–PMSQ gels had a characteristic fiber-like skeleton derived from the nanofibers and exhibited relatively high strength. Furthermore, they displayed good thermal insulation properties under low vacuum conditions.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces based on fluorosilane and TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites
Published in Surface Engineering, 2021
Jianping Hu, Zhen Fang, Yanfen Huang, Jiazheng Lu
Hydroxyfluorosilicone oil (ZL-805) was purchased from Guangdong Blue silicon-fluoride pipe company limited. Methyltrimethoxysilane (WD-921) was purchased from Hubei wuda silicone new material Co. LTD. Silica sol (the solvent was xylene, silane coupling agent modified nano-SiO2) with a particle size of ∼20 nm (30 wt-%) was supplied by Wuhan Green Chemical Technology Co. LTD. TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) were purchased from Germany AEROXIDE Company. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagents Company and used as received.