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(Aloe barbadensis)
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Vaibhav Shende, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
The gel bases were ready by dispersing Carbopol 934 and Carbopol 940 in water one by one with constant stirring at a moderate speed victimization mechanical shaker. Formulation F1, F2, and F3 were ready by Carbopol 934 and F4, F5, and F6 by Carbopol 940 gelling agent. In formulations F7, F8, and F9, the gels were made ready by dispersing HPMC K100 in the heated water at 80°C, and then the dispersion was cooled, and left long for the association of gel. The pH of all the formulations was adjusted to 5.5–6 victimization of TEA. The oily part of the emulsion was ready by dissolving Span-20 oil. Silicon dioxide, being hydrophobic was conjointly dissolved in oil part whereas the liquid phase was ready by dissolving 20–20 in refined water. Methylparaben and propylparaben were dissolved in humectant and mixed with the liquid part. Each of the oily liquid phases was then one by one heated to 70–80°C. Then the oily part was mixed with gel in 1:1 magnitude relation with stirring to get the emulgel [17].
Formulation Development of Small-Volume Parenteral Products
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Madhav S. Kamat, Patrick P. DeLuca
Parabens are benzoic acid esters and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity at a pH range of 4–8 but are more effective against yeasts and molds when compared to bacteria. Antimicrobial activity is normally enhanced when combinations of parabens are used with excipients such as PG, phenylethyl alcohol, and edetic acid [93]. Aqueous solutions of parabens are stable at a pH range of 3–6 but degrade by hydrolysis at pH greater than 8. The solubility of methylparaben and propylparaben in water is 1 in 400 (w/w) at 25°C, and 1 in 2,500 at 20°C, respectively [92]. Due to inherent low solubilities, sodium salts are frequently utilized in the final dosage forms.
Composition of Proprietary Products Approved in the United States
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition, 2019
CEFTIN tablets are film coated and contain the equivalent of 250 or 500 mg of cefuroxime as cefuroxime axetil. CEFTIN tablets contain the inactive ingredients colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hypromellose, methylparaben, microcrystalline cellulose, propylene glycol, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and titanium dioxide.
The association of personal care products uses and dietary habits with the urinary concentration of parabens in Iranian adults
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Yaghoub Hajizadeh, Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi, Awat Feizi, Karim Ebrahimpour
Parabens, the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), are present in several commercial products (Soni et al. 2005; Le Coz and Lepoittevin 2011). Some parabens, such as methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP), are mostly used in the production of personal care products (PCP), pharmaceutics, and food products due to their fungicidal and antimicrobial properties (Soni et al. 2005; Andersen 2008; Roden 2010; Amasa et al. 2012). Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating that the exposure to parabens could be associated with adverse health effects (Cashman and Warshaw 2005; Soni et al. 2005). Accordingly, it has been shown that parabens may interfere with endocrine function and can exert estrogenic activity through estrogen receptors (ERs), which may play a role in the development of breast cancer (Darbre et al. 2004; Darbre and Harvey 2008; Charles and Darbre 2013; Amin et al. 2019) obesity (Hu et al. 2013; Artacho-Cordón et al. 2017; Kolatorova et al. 2018), as well as malignant melanoma (Darbre and Harvey 2008) or increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (Li et al. 2019). The exposure to parabens has also been shown to affect sperm quality, and therefore may reduce the reproductive potential (Oishi 2002; Meeker et al. 2010; Garcia et al. 2017; Smarr et al. 2018) and increase pregnancy complications and poor obstetric outcomes (Philippat et al. 2014; Geer et al. 2017). In addition, a large body of evidence have been linked to the paraben exposure, mainly via cosmetics, to allergic reactions (Cashman and Warshaw 2005; Lee-Sarwar et al. 2018).
Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the environment: Plant uptake, translocation, bioaccumulation, and human health risks
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
S. Keerthanan, Chamila Jayasinghe, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Meththika Vithanage
The PPCPs including antimicrobials (triclocarban and triclosan), UV-filters (Oxybenzone, Enzacamene, and Sulisobenzone) (Aparicio et al., 2018; Ebele et al., 2017) are used in the daily lifespan to improve the quality of life. These reported in the environment due to the lack of technology to remove from the wastewater. Moreover, the preservatives (butylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben) (Yang et al., 2017), are widely applied to preserve the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products also detected in the environment. Also, the insect repellents (DEET) (Murray et al., 2010), synthetic musk (divided into nitro musks and polycyclic musks; polycyclic musks such as galaxolide (HHCB) being applied more frequently in a recent year than nitro musks) found in the environment in a range of few µg/L to ng/L. Another widely available PCPs is plasticizers, which are primarily used in cosmetics, shampoo, hair spray and gel, and plastic bottled water. Phthalate compounds such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEPH) and di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) are the mostly used plasticizers (Saeidnia & Abdollahi, 2013). The artificial sweeteners, for, instance sucralose, saccharin, and acesulfame are another type of PCPs which are utilized to enhance the taste food during the food manufacturing process (Subedi et al., 2015). The perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), etc. are used as a surface activator used in the packaging, textiles, and paper industries, household-cleaning products, agricultural activities, cosmetic products, medical devices, etc. due to their hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviors (Li et al., 2020; Shigei et al., 2020). The types of PPCPs and their physicochemical properties are displayed in Table 1.
Formulation and characteristic evaluation of tacrolimus cubosomal gel for vitiligo
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Sanjana A, Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed, B.H. Jaswanth Gowda, Suprith Surya
Propylene glycol, a penetration enhancer, was added while stirring. The gel’s viscosity was then balanced by adding glycerol. As a preservative, methylparaben was used. With distilled water, the final quantity was increased to 100 gm. The created gel was stored for 24 hours to allow for full polymer desolvation, resulting in a white creamy hydrogel.[25]