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Clay and Ceramics as Sustainable and Green Materials to Remove Methylene Blue from Water: A Critical Analysis
Published in Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar, Sunil Kumar Chawla, Gurpreet Singh, Handbook of Sustainable Development through Green Engineering and Technology, 2022
Priyanka Sharma, Kushal Qanungo
Dyes are chemicals that are used to colour different substances like paper, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, leather and textiles. They have diverse chemical composition and structures. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic azo dye (C16H18ClN3S). It is a solid, odourless, dark-green powder at room temperature and gives blue colour on dissolving in water. MB is used for staining cells and tissues in microbiology and pathological laboratories (Vutskits et al., 2008). Furthermore, it is also used in pharmaceutical industries, paper industries, and to dye cotton, silk, and wool. However, it can cause many health issues, like irritation and paleness of the skin (necrosis), burning sensation, shortness of breath, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and mental confusion (Bleicher et al., 2009).
Clinical Toxicology of Copper
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao
Symptomatic methemoglobinemia patients should receive methylene blue. This normally happens at the levels of methemoglobin >20%–30%. Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy. Methylene blue promotes the transformation of methemoglobin to hemoglobin by enhancing the enzymatic action of the methemoglobin reductase. The initial dose is 1–2 mg/kg/dose intravenously over 5 min. The dose may be repeated if cyanosis does not disappear within 60 min. Failure of methylene blue treatment indicates an inadequate dose of methylene blue, G-6-PD deficiency, or NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase deficiency. Hyperbaric oxygen may be beneficial if methylene blue is ineffective. Hyperbaric oxygen increases the dissolved oxygen that can protect the patient while the body reduces methemoglobin. Another alternative to methylene blue is ascorbic acid, a reducing agent, which can be given 100–500 mg twice daily either orally or intravenously. The hypotensive episodes can be treated with fluids, dopamine, and noradrenaline. For rhabdomyolysis, initial replacement of 4–6 L/day with close monitoring for fluid overload, mannitol (100 mg/day), and urine alkalinization are considerable in the early course of the disease, however, there is no clear evidence for these strategies.
Nanotechnology’s Opportunity to Revolutionize Health for All
Published in Ilise L. Feitshans, Global Health Impacts of Nanotechnology Law, 2018
Reducing the negative environmental health impacts of textile coloring and dyes for textiles has also benefited from nanoscience [26]. Textile dye waste can produce industrial wastes, resulting in water contamination. For example, methylene blue (MB) dye causes water pollution that has been linked to illness [27]. Dyes and pigments have wide application as colorants in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic, and paper industries [28]. A smaller particle size means more surface area, and thus the adsorption capacity is high, and therefore textile dyeing and finishing industries have a shared interest with the general public of stakeholders who wish to reduce pollution by researching further the application of nanocomposites as adsorbents and due to accurate controls of their size, composition, morphology, and stability. Naturally available clays have been used as adsorbents in developing countries for wastewater treatment [29]. Like so many new products, MB requires balancing benefits and risks: MB has very useful clinical applications in diagnosis for carbon monoxide poisoning, methemoglobinemia, schizophrenia, cyanide poisoning, and herpes infections, but it is also believed to have negative health effects [26].
Adsorption studies of the hybrid material obtained from the functionalization of silica with alfa and gamma cyclodextrins
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Lucas Bragança Carvalho, Raphaela do Vale Baracho, Jessica Moreira Andrade, Zuy Maria Magriotis, Luciana Matos Alves Pinto
Synthetic dyes belong to a class of organic compounds that have an aromatic character in their structure that can make them more stable and, therefore, difficult to biodegrade.[8] Methylene blue is a cationic dye used in the field of medicine, biology, chemistry, and especially in the dyeing of fabrics by the textile industry.[9] It is an easily monitored compound, with strong absorption of visible radiation at 665 nm; it is difficult to degrade and, thus, is also widely used as a model in oxidation reactions and in characterization studies of adsorbents.[10] Methylene blue is also recognized for its harmful impacts on humans and the environment, presenting toxicity and mutagenic effects, in addition to potential carcinogenic effects.[9]
Biogenic synthesis of mono dispersed Co/CoO nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini leaves for catalytic application
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Muhammad Imran Din, Rimsha Rizwan, Zaib Hussain, Rida Khalid
Methylene blue is a well-known carcinogenic pollutant owing to its hazardous impact on human and aquatic life. MB is a well-known, extremely carcinogenic pollutant that has been used in many industries for different preparative purposes, i.e., dyeing cotton, wool, fabrics, the coloring of paper, and as a hair colorant.[46] It also causes a serious threat to human health like damage to the nervous system, diarrhea, and permanent damage to eyes, breathing difficulties, gastritis, etc. Hence, it is essential to eradicate such hazardous pollutants from water bodies. Figure 5 shows that the degradation of MB obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Here, the rate of degradation depends on the initial concentration of dyes present in solution while reductant is present in excess amount. Figure 6 shows the UV spectra for catalytic reduction of MB which shows that reaction completed within 40 min. Table 3 shows that various researchers reported the catalytic reduction of MB and 4-NP using different catalytic assemblies. However, the synthesized nanomaterial for the degradation of these pollutants is much safer than other reported methods.
Adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solutions by date pits: Equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic studies, and batch adsorber design
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018
R. A. Mansour, N. M. Aboeleneen, Nabil M. AbdelMonem
Dyes may be classified into several different groups: acidic, basic, disperse, and direct dyes (family names that have to do with when and how dyes are used) (Uddin et al. 2009). One important dye is methylene blue (Figure 1) which is a basic dye (cationic dye). Methylene blue is used for printing calico, dyeing leather, printing cotton and tannin, indicating Oxidation-Reduction, as an antiseptic and for other medical purposes (Hamdaoui and Chiha 2007; El-Halwany 2010). Methylene blue causes increased heart rate, shock, cyanosis, jaundice (Uddin et al. 2009), eye burns, irritation to the gastrointestinal tract if swallowed, diarrhea, vomiting, and irritation to the skin. So, methylene blue must be removed from wastewater (Hamdaoui and Chiha 2007; Kyzas and Kostoglou 2014).