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Cyclopolymerization of Dienes with Selected Vinyl Monomers
Published in George B. Butler, Cyclopolymerization and Cyclocopolymerization, 2020
The antitumor activity of DIVEMA has been demonstrated by its effectiveness against adenocarcinoma 755, Lewis lung carcinoma, Friend leukemia virus, and Dunning ascites leukemia.2,96 The respective minimum effective doses (mg/kg) for the above were 10, 4, 10, and 7.5 and the respective therapeutic indices (maximum tolerated dose/minimum effective dose) were 4, 8, 8, and 8. A comparison of the activity of DIVEMA against Lewis lung carcinoma, a slow-growing solid tumor that is difficult to control with certain other antitumor agents2 showed that DIVEMA is comparable to cyclophosphamide, a widely used alkylating agent, and far superior to 6-mercaptopurine, an antimetabolite that showed essentially no activity. It has also been shown to be effective against a number of other solid tumors.
Medicinal Mushrooms
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Temitope A. Oyedepo, Adetoun E. Morakinyo
The antioxidant activity of edible mushrooms could be directly applied to daily life because it is associated with natural prevention of oxidative stress which is often as a result of lifestyle habits (Sakano et al., 2009). A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported antioxidant potentials of various mushroom species that enable them to neutralize free radicals (Ferreira et al., 2009). Assays involving chromogen compounds (e.g., ABTS and DPPH methods) are the most commonly used methods to measure mushrooms antioxidant activity (Sánchez, 2016). The findings of those studies demonstrated that the antioxidant components are found in fruit bodies, mycelium and culture both of the mushrooms. These often show good activity as a scavenger of DPPH radical and reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, and hypochlorous acid). They also act as an xanthine oxidase inhibitor which has indications for various therapeutic procedures, including cancer therapy since inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase can inhibit the oxidation of 6-mercaptopurine and potentiate antitumor properties (Pacher et al., 2006; Ribeiro et al., 2007). The metabolites responsible for the antioxidant activities include polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ergosterol, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and many others (Sánchez, 2016; Zhang et al., 2016a).
PEGylated Dendritic Nanoparticulate Carriers of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
D. Bhadra, S. Bhadra, N. K. Jain
Neerman et al. (2004) also showed that dendrimers based on melamine could reduce the organ toxicity of solubilized cancer drugs administered by intraperitoneal injection. Methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, both FDA approved anti-cancer drugs, are known hepatotoxins. The solubility of these molecules can be increased by mixing them with a dendrimer based on melamine. C3H mice were administered subchronic doses of methotrexate or 6-mercaptopurine with and without a solubilizing dendrimer. Forty-eight hours after dosing, the mice were sacrificed, and serum was collected for biochemical analyses. The levels of alanine transaminase, ALT, were used to probe liver damage. When the drugs are encapsulated by the dendrimer, a significant reduction in hepatotoxicity is observed; ALT levels from the rescued groups (drug + dendrimer) were 27% (methotrexate) and 36% (6-mercaptopurine) lower than those of animals treated with the drug alone.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
Azathioprine (6-[(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-7H-purine) is used as an adjunct immuno-suppressant for patients undergoing renal transplantation. It is a pro-drug that is converted to 6-mercaptopurine, which is itself used in treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. This compound produces squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.