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Compressed Solids Formulations
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition, 2019
Polyplasdone XL, dried, is present as a disintegrant. Syloid AL1 is a desiccant used to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the actives. Magnesium stearate is present as a lubricant. Microcrystalline cellulose is a tablet binder and disintegrant.
Mixing
Published in Ko Higashitani, Hisao Makino, Shuji Matsusaka, Powder Technology Handbook, 2019
The mixers with movable vessel typically mix powders based on the convective mixing mechanism. These mixers are frequently called tumbling mixers, which consist of horizontal drum, v-cone, double-cone, horizontal cylinder with rocking motion, cubic vessel and inverted cone vessel mixers. The horizontal drum mixer is used for the mild and the gentle mixing of particles. The v-cone and double-cone mixers are often used in the pharmaceutical industry. In these mixers, pharmaceutical granules, tablets and raw materials are mixed by means of free flowing. The convective mixing takes place inside the vessel. Hence, the high shear is not imparted to particles. In the pharmaceutical industry, a small amount of lubricant such as magnesium stearate is mixed into granules before tableting. There is a risk that the strength of a tablet decreases and dissolution speed of API becomes longer due to the excess mixing of the lubricant. In this case, the v-cone and the double-cone mixers are well used. The rocking mixer mixes powders without damage, which utilizes the convective mixing by using the rocking and the rotating actions of the container. Due to the rocking motion, the risk for the segregation becomes much smaller than the other tumbling mixers. The cubic container mixer consists of a cubic container which rotates around the horizontal axis. The powder mixing is promoted by means of the container shape and baffles mounted inside. It is suitable for the gentle mixing of dense powder and granules. The inverted cone mixer uses convective mixing due to the container’s inverted motion. Due to the inverted motion, segregation due to the density difference can be prevented. This type of mixer sometimes uses a normal container which can be afterwards used for the storage.
Leucine metabolites do not attenuate training-induced inflammation in young resistance trained men
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Filipe J. Teixeira, Catarina N. Matias, Cristina P. Monteiro, Maria J. Valamatos, Joana F. Reis, Robert W. Morton, Francisco Alves, Luís B. Sardinha, Stuart M. Phillips
Participants were recruited according to previously described eligibility criteria (Teixeira et al., 2019) from local gyms and social networks. As previously reported, supplements were donated from shelf-stock from a local supplement store and subject to a third-party analysis to confirm content compliance (Teixeira et al., 2019). All supplements, according to the third-party analysis, contained similar concentrations of either HMB-Ca, HMB-FA and α-HICA (Teixeira et al., 2019). Magnesium stearate was used as a placebo due to its lack of biological activity and safety. The RE protocol was a whole-body hypertrophy-type resistance training routine that was comprised of 3 training sessions per week. The supplementation and training protocol were sustained throughout the entire study duration (8 weeks), with muscle thickness (MT), strength measurements and inflammatory markers being assessed at baseline and end of week 4 and 8.
Frictional effects, mechanical strength, and disintegration of coffee mix tablet, effervescent coffee mix tablet and with added lubricant
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2020
Azifah Jamar, Mohd Shamsul Anuar, Suraya Mohd Tahir
Figure 4 illustrates the results that support the purpose of the inclusion of the effervescent agents into the coffee mix tablet. The reduction of the coffee tablet disintegration time was relatively high, where coffee tablet formulation B (coffee mix with the addition of the effervescent agents) exhibited the lowest disintegration time. However, the presence of magnesium stearate in the coffee tablet formulation (formulation C) decreased the tablet disintegration as can be observed in Figure 4. Magnesium stearate lubricant has been known for its hydrophobicity (Wang, Wen, and Desai 2010; Ariyasu, Hattori, and Otsuka 2016) causing a slower dissolution of tablets through the decrease in the wettability and thus lowering the dissolution rate of the tablet (Uzunovic and Vranic 2007).