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7Li
Published in Guillaume Madelin, X-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2022
Lithium is an important component in both non-rechargeable lithium-metal batteries and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in portable electronic devices and in electric vehicles. There is an ever-increasing demand on advanced batteries with better storage performance and lower cost, as well as safety, stability and cycle life. To help understand ionic transfer and chemical processes in these batteries, 7Li MRS or MRI can be used to non-invasively monitor and visualize in 2D or 3D battery function during charge or discharge, or any changes in electrolytes or in electrode microstructure. Typical examples of recent battery studies (among many others) include correlating microstructural lithium metal growth with electrolyte salt depletion [21], investigating the lithium microstructure formation on anodes [22], monitoring lithium metal deposition during overcharge [23], or 3D visualization with CSI and MRI of microstructural lithium [24], as shown in Fig. 9.5.
Battery Power
Published in Richard Cadena, Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician, 2021
Lithium-ion batteries are easier to maintain than other types of batteries because they don't require exercising (charging and discharging fully) nor do they suffer from the memory effect (limited charge capacity due to repeated partial discharge). They have a relatively flat discharge curve and low self-discharge (internal discharge from inactivity), so they lend themselves well to reliable charge metering. But they are higher in cost, and, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation, “Lithium metal batteries are highly flammable and capable of ignition. Ignition…can be caused when a battery short circuits, is overcharged, is heated to extreme temperatures, is mishandled, or is otherwise defective.”
Electrochemical Energy Storage
Published in Alfred Rufer, Energy Storage, 2017
In lithium-metal batteries, the negative electrode (the anode) is made of metallic lithium. During discharge, the lithium ions migrate from this electrode through the electrolyte to the cathode, where they mix with a host material (e.g., LiMn2O4).
Porous carbon architectures with different dimensionalities for lithium metal storage
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Hamzeh Qutaish, Sang A Han, Yaser Rehman, Konstantin Konstantinov, Min-Sik Park, Jung Ho Kim
In summary, Li-metal suffers from severe drawbacks that hinder its usage in practical applications, including unstable or uneven SEI formation of dead Li during plating and stripping processes, dendrite growth, and volume changes. These lead to serious issues, such as short-circuiting, low CE, capacity loss, and safety complications. Understanding the principles and mechanism of dendrite growth is necessary to build up our knowledge and enable us to design a new safe anode for lithium metal batteries. In this review, we have summarized the main principles, including light weight, chemical and mechanical stability, high surface area, large pore volume, sufficient conductivity, and most importantly, lithiophilicity, to utilize porous carbon-based frameworks as Li host materials as a solution, as shown in Figure 11. In addition, understanding the dimensionality of the host materials and their corresponding properties is important for constructing a highly efficient anode, so we have discussed the recent progress on utilizing 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon-based frameworks and their nanocomposites.
Structure and interfaces of compositionally graded Li(Ni, Mn) x O y cathodes on (111) Nb-doped SrTiO3
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2022
Ankit Singh, Shintaro Yasui, Avnish Singh Pal, Leonid A. Bendersky, Ichiro Takeuchi, R. K. Mandal, Joysurya Basu
Continuously diminishing fossil fuel resources, environmental concerns, stringent regulation towards environmental protection and changing geo-political scenarios have incentivised the search for alternative energy resources, energy generation, conversion and storage technologies [1–7]. The search for robust and sustainable technologies through the invention of energy storage devices was initiated by Alessandro Volta way back in the early nineteenth century, which led to the commercialisation of lithium metal batteries in the later part of the twentieth century [8,9]. However, the stability and safety remained to be a challenge, even though its efficacy was understood. Safety refers to the explosion of the batteries due to excessive heating and the toxic nature of the materials (Co/Ni) used in them and the term stability means the dissolution of the electrode and the phase transformation that occurs during charging and discharging [10–12]. Continued effort in this direction gave birth to the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Ever increasing challenge to meet the demand of efficiency, energy density, safety, etc. has been the driving force behind the sustainable growth [6,13–15].