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Recycling of Wastes Generated in Automobile Metal–Air Batteries
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Weng Cheong Tan, Lip Huat Saw, Ming Chian Yew, Ming Kun Yew
Lithium hydroxide is the waste product produced in lithium–air batteries. Due to the poor recycling capability of the lithium-based battery, lithium hydroxide is rarely recycled to the lithium metal for secondary use. First, lithium hydroxide is converted to lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) through leaching [20]. The leaching process continues for 6–10 h with the pH value of 8–9. In this process, lithium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.
Minerals of base metals
Published in Francis P. Gudyanga, Minerals in Africa, 2020
There are a series of hydrometallurgical processes that can be used for the extraction of lithium from spodumene. Using a standard flowsheet it is possible to start with the lithium concentrate and produce high grade lithium products such as lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide which are reagents for the lithium battery industry. The multi-step process may involve atmospheric leaching, liquid-solid separation and impurity removal through precipitation and ion exchange.
Organometallic Compounds
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
Methyllithium lithium reacts violently with water to give methane and lithium hydroxide. In this reaction, lithium hydroxide is the conjugate base. Can methylmagnesium bromide react with ethanol? If so, what are the products?
Assessing the Lithium Potential of the Paleoproterozoic Rocks of the West African Craton; the Case so Far
Published in Geosystem Engineering, 2023
In addition to being essential components in low-melting-point glasses and lubricants, lithium and its compounds enable sustainable energy and transportation via rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and electronic products. The demand for Li-ion batteries for energy storage and electric vehicles is expected to increase as a result of government and private sector initiatives promoting sustainable technology and off-grid power storage. Multiple lithium compounds, including lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium oxide (Li2O), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), are manufactured. Lithium is a highly reactive metal used to manufacture energy-dense rechargeable batteries for electronic devices such as laptops, mobile phones, electric vehicles, and grid storage (Suryatna et al., 2022). In recent years, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has increased dramatically, driving global exploration and permitting the consideration of new lithium projects. In 2021, batteries accounted for 74% of total demand (Figure 3).
Risk assessment of lithium-ion battery explosion: chemical leakages
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Yoo Jung Park, Min Kook Kim, Hyung Sik Kim, Byung Mu Lee
The electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery is flammable and generally contains LiPF6 or other Li salts. When a high temperature is reached, the electrolyte evaporates and discharges from the battery cell, which may ignite immediately. The explosion emits a variety of toxic substances including CO (flue gas) (Li et al. 2018), hydrofluoric acid (HF), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5), and phosphoryl fluoride (POF3), along with heat and fire. Lithium also reacts with the relative humidity of the air because of its good hydrophilicity. The OH ion supplied from the water in the reaction reacts with Li to produce lithium hydroxide (LiOH) (Larsson et al. 2017; Xu 2004) (Table 4).
The Impacts of Liquid Metal Plasma-Facing Components on Fusion Reactor Safety and Tritium Management
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2019
Paul W. Humrickhouse, Brad J. Merrill, Su-Jong Yoon, Lee C. Cadwallader
In addition to thermal and chemical reactivity hazards, some LM coolants contain toxic elements, such as lead.16 Some chemical reaction products of coolant-air and coolant-water reactions are also toxic, such as lithium hydride (LiH) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Therefore, the coolant does not have to be radioactive to pose a threat to the population living near a facility that uses LM coolants. Chemical safety investigation has shown that in some cases, particularly for carcinogens, the chemical exposure hazard is more consequential than the radiological exposure hazard.17