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Control of Particulate Emissions
Published in Jeff Kuo, Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers, 2018
For any wet scrubber, the liquid flow rate is important to its removal performance. The rate of liquid flow is often expressed in terms of the liquid-to-gas ratio. Most wet scrubber systems for particulate removal operate with liquid-to-gas ratios between 4 to 20 gal/1,000 actual cubic feet; that is equivalent to a dimensionless ratio of about 0.0005 to 0.0025. Higher ratios do not usually enhance performance. Instead, they may exert a slight adverse impact due to changes in size distribution of the droplets. On the other hand, low liquid-to-gas ratios can have a severe adverse impact because of insufficient collection targets present.
Experimental investigation on a jet impingement scrubber to clean producer gas from biomass gasifier
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Figure (2) shows the design of jet impingement scrubber. A liquid jet comes out from a nozzle strikes a plate and forms small droplets throughout the region. These small droplets produced by the process of atomization. When discussing different ranges of liquid drop sizes, the term “drop size” refers to the size of the individual droplets that are generated from nozzle spray. The primary determinants of drop size are liquid characteristics, nozzle capacity, spray pressure, and spray angle. It takes more atomization to achieve very small drop sizes. Water is atomized by being pumped through nozzles at high pressures to create incredibly tiny drops, as shown in Figure (3). The nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm is fixed inside jet impingement scrubber. The total number of nozzles fixed is 4, each at a distance of 250 mm apart with a height of 110 mm between nozzle tip and the plate. A solid cone spray strikes the plate and form tiny droplets. Area of each nozzle is 5.026 × 10−7 m2. At high jet weber number, the droplets size is uniform. Average drop size of a liquid obtained under fully open conditions is 0.936 mm. Greater drops avoid colliding with dust particles. Similar to how drops that collide too quickly may release dust particles if they are smaller than dust particles. Liquid flow rate is the most crucial factor in gas absorption. The liquid to gas ratio determines the difficulty of removing a pollutant from gas absorption while, for particle removal, it depends on the mechanical design of the system. The absorption process has a higher liquid to gas ratio than particle removal. A key element influencing how much pollution may be absorbed is solubility. Less liquid is needed for faster absorption of more soluble gases.
The capture of a dilute stream of industrially generated sulfur dioxide in an aqueous solution of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl]
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Carlos Carlesi, Nadia Guajardo, Rodrigo Schrebler, Samuel Carrasco
Since experimental limitations necessitated a higher liquid flow rate, the liquid-to-gas ratio was insufficient, and thus, the absorption column was not operating under its ideal conditions. The calculated dry packing interphase was equal to 770 m2 m−3, and the effective exchange surface corresponds to 9.24 m2 m−3 considering the initial viscosity of the liquid.