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A Comparative Study of Organic Pollutants in Seawater, Sediments, and Oyster Tissues at Hab River Delta, Balochistan Coast, Pakistan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Sadar Aslam, Malik Wajid Hussain Chan, Grzegorz Boczkaj, Ghazala Siddiqui
The only possible explanation for their presence in oyster (limonene, benzene acetic acid, 3-carene) is that they were accumulated from exogenous sources. Currently, d-limonene is also widely used as a flavor and a fragrance and is listed as “generally recognized as safe” in food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60). 2-phenoxyethanol, a drug that dissolves well in water and oils, provides effective anesthesia with short induction time (13 min), and over 95% survival rate is used for oysters (Mamangkey et al., 2009). Seafood contains rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ackman, 1990). Many oyster flavor volatiles arise from the oxidation of these fatty acids (Cruz-Romero et al. 2008; Piveteau et al., 2000). The oyster alkenes most identified were C8 alkenes, and some of them possessed conjugated structures, such as (Z,Z)-3,5-octadiene, 1,3-trans-5-cisoctatriene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene. The alcohols were identified in the volatile compositions of oyster derived from the autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Cruz-Romero et al., 2008).
Critical Cleaning of Advanced Lubricants from Surfaces
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Ronald L. Shubkin, Barbara F. Kanegsberg, Ed Kanegsberg
d-Limonene is a cyclic hydrocarbon derived from citrus. It is flammable, but it is environmentally friendly. Like NMP, it has a high boiling point (178°C) and is therefore slow drying. d-Limonene has a moderately high KB value (in the mid-50s), and has a high solvency for some soils of interest. As with methyl soyate, d-limonene can be used alone, blended, and in semi-aqueous and co-solvent applications. d-Limonene has been successfully used in removing heavy waxes in optics applications. It is promising for the removal of mixed lubricants and other soil mixtures.
A Brief History of Terpenoids
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Milena Campelo Freitas de Lima, Larissa Sousa da Silva, Larissa Silveira Moreira Wiedemann, Valdir F. da Veiga
From its discovery in 1854 to the present day, industrial use of d-limonene underwent an extensive use process. Its commercial expansion, by Henry Schulz, began in 1950, in Florida. This enantiomer was marketed as an alternative to non-toxic solvents and combined with surfactants in the formulations of various cleaning products. Subsequently, as an insecticide, it was the first natural substance used in the control of biological pests. The insecticides that contain d-limonene are used as insect repellents in the control of fleas in pets and mosquito larvicides (Ciriminna et al., 2014). With the green chemistry approach, the use of limonene, obtained from waste material, as an industrial solvent has become more and more important.
Investigation and optimisation of the extraction of carvone and limonene from the Iranian Mentha spicata through the ultrasound-assisted extraction method
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Sepideh Mansoori, Hossein Bahmanyar, Elnaz Jafari Ozumchelouei, Iman Najafipour
The main active constituent of spearmint extract is carvone, which gives spearmint its specific scent. Carvone is a monoterpene hydrocarbon with two enantiomers, namely (−)–carvone and (+)–carvone. It is well established that both optical isomers of carvone are active against a wide spectrum of human pathogenic fungi and bacteria [4] and exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal effects [5]. Limonene is the second predominant component of the spearmint extract. Similar to carvone, limonene is a cyclic monoterpene with two isomeric forms: (+)–limonene and (−)–limonene. Limonene is a useful natural compound with a wide range of applications in medicine, such as managing inflammation, assisting digestion, and to alleviate depression [6]. Besides, the antitumor properties of Limonene have made it a valuable substance for the prevention or treatment of cancer [7]. Extraction is the first step in the isolation of active ingredients from various plants. Limonene is highly soluble in ethanol and carbon tetrachloride [8]. The combination of water and organic solvents provide higher extraction efficiency in comparison with the pure solvents [9]. For the extraction of phenolic compounds, the mixture of 80% v/v ethanol–water resulted in the highest extraction yield [10].
Thermogravimetric study and kinetics of banana peel pyrolysis: a comparison of ‘model-free’ methods
Published in Biofuels, 2022
S. Azariah Pravin Kumar, R. Nagarajan, K. Midhun Prasad, B. Anand, S. Murugavelh
The major constituents of the pyro-oil were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Conversion of volatile pyro-gases into pyro-oil yields several organic compounds. Figure 10 shows the compound chromatogram of the banana peel pyro-oil. The concentration of each compound was estimated from the peak areas of the chromatogram. It was determined that 76 chemical compounds were formed during thermal degradation of banana peel biomass; the majority of the components were hydrocarbons which were categorized as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols and several aromatic compounds [29,30]. Table 9 shows the characterization of the pyro-oil, with relative concentrations of all the chemical compounds. It can be seen that the pyro-oil comprises mostly phenolic compounds (20.59%). Hydrocarbons include benzene compounds (1.85%), organic acids (8.42%), organic ethers (2.04%), organic alcohols (4.72%) and organic esters (9.46%). Limonene is an organic compound found in the peels of citrus fruits and other plants; it too is found in the pyro-oil. The presence of pyridine, a flammable organic compound, in the pyro-oil can be used to initiate combustion. Several organic compounds present in the pyro-oil can yield a considerable amount of energy when combined with traditional fuels and oils during combustion. The GC/MS results for the pyro-oil helps in understanding the types of chemical conversions that occur during the pyrolysis process [29–32].
Catalytic cracking of scrap tire-generated fuel oil from pyrolysis of waste tires with zeolite ZSM-5
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
Adnan Abedeen, Md Shameem Hossain, Uday Som, MD Moniruzzaman
The presence of o-Xylene and d-limonene reached a maximum value of 9.91%and 7.51% in the oil sample of CT ratio 0.25. Limonene, for example, is used in the preparation of synthetic solvents, adhesives, and resins. It is also a pigment dispersing agent, a scent in personal care goods, and used as an environmentally friendly solvent (Cunliffe, P. T. W and Williams 1998; Pakdel, Pantea, and Roy 2001; Roy, Chaala, and Darmstadt 1999) Alkane and alkene groups make up the majority of aliphatic compounds. The majority of aromatic compounds found in the catalytic oil were described. The GC-MS results collaborate with the findings of the FT-IR studies. A small amount of nitrogen and oxygen-containing compounds were found additionally with key hydrocarbons. The waste tire-related liquids also contain other oxygen-containing compounds such as acid and alcohol. Although in the sample of CT ratio 0.1, naphthalene reached 24.62% area concentration.