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Bioremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 Immobilized in PVA–Alginate–Sulfate Beads
Published in Zainura Zainon Noor, Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli, Sustainable Water Treatment, 2017
Qistina Ahmad Kamal, Nor Azimah Mohd Zain
Itaconic acid is known as methylene butanedioic acid or methylene succinic acid. It is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid produced by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus itaconicus from carbohydrates like sucrose, glucose, and xylose (Kautola, 1990; Reddy and Singh, 2002; Willke and Vorlop, 2001). The synthesis of itaconic acid is uneconomical due to the high cost of substrate that produces relatively low yield (Berg and Hetzel, 1978; Blatt, 1943; Chiusoli, 1962).
Examples from the Chemical Industry
Published in John Andraos, Synthesis Green Metrics, 2018
Itaconic acid is a useful building block for making polymers that is obtainable by fermentation processes from biofeedstocks such as molasses and starch. Biopolymers made from itaconic acid are possible substitutes for petrochemical based polymers made from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. It is used at as a co-monomer in the manufacture of resins and also in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, in coatings, adhesives, thickeners, and binders.
Biorefineries
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Isabella De Bari, Daniela Cuna, Nicola Di Fidio, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
Itaconic acid is typically produced by microorganisms like Ustilago zeae, U. maydis, Candida sp., and Rhodotorula sp. A. terreus still represents the dominant strain able to reach levels of up to 80–86 g/L (Kuenz et al. 2012).
Synthesis of itaconic acid from agricultural waste using novel Aspergillus niveus
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Ramakrishnan Gnanasekaran, Balaji Dhandapani, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Jeyaraj Iyyappan
Itaconic acid (IA) is an organic acid which was useful in providing high value-added products such as poly(itaconic acid), resin biofuel components, ionomer cement, etc.[1] Recently, greater attention has been received towards biological production of itaconic acid, since it has been considered as one of the top value-added products in some countries. Itaconic acid and their derivatives have their own replaceable application in textiles and pharmaceutical industries (replacement for crude oil-based products, such as acrylic acid) and it plays an important role in immunity as well as in industrial biotechnology.[2] Itaconic acid was first described by Baup in 1836 when he discovered it as the product of citric acid distillation. Itaconic acid or methylene succinic acid is one of unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative that is considered as the building block chemicals (platform chemical) for its broad application in the manufacture of various synthetic resins, coatings, polymers, super-absorbents, phosphate-free detergents and cleaners.[3] The depletion of fossil fuel and the need for sustainable development has replaced the petrochemical methods of itaconic acid production by fermentative methods. The biotechnological production of itaconic acid was established in 1960’s and the compound is currently produced by fungal species. The pure form of glucose and sucrose was recommended for the fermentation of itaconic acid production.