China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Organic matrices
Published in A.R. Bunsell, S. Joannès, A. Thionnet, Fundamentals of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials, 2021
R. Bunsell, S. Joannes, A. Thionnet
The most widely used polyester resins, accounting for around 80% of the market, are described as orthophthalic (ortho) resins for which orthophathalic acid is used as the saturated acid part of the backbone of the polymer. They are the cheapest form of polyester resin and are used in contact moulding, typically of large structures. A slightly more expensive resin is isophthalic (iso) polyester for which isophthalic acid is used as the saturated acid part of the molecule. Iso polyester resins are used in closed moulding processes, corrosion resistant composites and gel coats. Table 3.2 shows the ingredients which can be used to make the unsaturated polyester resin backbone.
Chemicals from Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
The main use of isophthalic acid is in the production of polyesters that are characterized by a higher abrasion resistance than those using other phthalic acids. Polyesters from isophthalic acid are used for pressure molding applications. Ammoxidation of isophthalic acid produces isophthalonitrile, which serves as a precursor for agricultural chemicals. It is readily hydrogenated to the corresponding diamine, which can form polyamides or be converted to isocyanates for polyurethane manufacture.
Reinforcements and Matrices for Polymer Matrix Composites
Published in Manoj Kumar Buragohain, Composite Structures, 2017
Isophthalic polyester resins are made from isophthalic acid. These resins are more expensive than and superior to the orthophthalic resins in terms of strength and stiffness, chemical resistance, and thermal properties.
One-pot synthesis of soluble wholly aromatic liquid crystalline copoly(ester amide)s with high thermal and dimensional stability
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Quang Vinh Nguyen, Jin Young Bae, Hoang Sinh Le
The copoly(ester amide)s were generated via melting polycondensation reaction following previously reported procedure (Cho et al., 2011; Sinh et al., 2012a, 2012b). Herein, 6-hydroxy-2-napthoic acid (HNA), 4-aminophenol (AP), isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA) were weighted into a round-shape flask with feeding molar ratios described in Table 1. Subsequently, an amount of 11 molar equivalent of acetic anhydride was poured into the flask, followed by the addition of 0.3 wt% of potassium acetate as the catalyst. The acetylation reaction was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at 150 °C for 2 h until a clear solution was obtained, indicating the finishing of the acetylation reaction. Subsequently, an amount of trans-esterification catalyst antimony (III) oxide equal to 0.3 wt% of the total solid reactants was added to the reaction mixture. The monomers were polymerized through continuous stirring at 200 °C for 1 h, followed by the removal of the by-product, acetic acid, under vacuum. Afterwards, the temperature was increased to 300 °C over a period of 1 h and kept for 30 min. The resulting solid product was dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent before precipitating in acetone. Finally, the precipitate was filtered, washed with acetone and ground in prior to drying under reduced pressure at 100 °C for 6 h.
Highly recyclable cysteamine-modified acid-resistant MOFs for enhancing Hg (II) removal from water
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Fengtai Liu, Wenjing Xiong, Xinrui Feng, Ge Cheng, Lei Shi, Dawei Chen, Yibo Zhang
Isophthalic acid (IPA), Terephthalic acid (TPA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), anhydrous ethanol, were from Beijing chemical plant. chromium nitrate Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, cysteamine (C2H7NS), zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), thiourea (CH4N2S) and anhydrous toluene were from Sinopharm chemical reagent. In this study, all the chemical reagents used were of analytical grade. Deionized water was used as the dispersion medium.
Enhanced thermal stability and long-term mechanical durability at elevated temperatures of thermotropic liquid crystal polyester/glass fiber composites
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Ha-Bin Jeon, Gil-Woo Jeon, Soo-Yeon Kim, Ha-Eun Gang, Gyu-Tae Park, Young Gyu Jeong
A commercially available TLCP (H600BB), which was synthesized by using 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 4,4′-biphenol (BP), terephthalic acid (TPA), and isophthalic acid (IPA), was supplied from Seyang Polymer Com., Korea. A reinforcing GF (CS920) with a round diameter of 10 µm and length of 3 mm, which is coated with a polyurethane (PU)-based sizing agent, was supplied from Owens Corning, Korea.