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Household and Personal Care Products: Cleaning up and Looking Good
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Isethionates are esters of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, which is known as isethionic acid. Isethionates are used in formulations where mildness is important. They were, for example, used in the original formulation of the Dove brand of skin cleansers.
Hydroxy sulfonic acid catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Ananda S. Amarasekara, Victor C. Nwankwo, Harshica Fernando
Cellulose hydrolysis catalytic activities of a series hydroxy sulfonic acids were evaluated against H2SO4; and except 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid, all acids studied showed higher activities than H2SO4 in 150–170 °C temperature range. The most noticeable catalytic activity enhancements were observed for isethionic, hydroquinone sulfonic, and 4-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acids in experiments carried out at 170 °C. In addition, the experimental study was supplemented by Density Functional Theory (DFT) study on D-cellobiose, which was used as the model compound for cellulose. Possible interactions between α/β D-cellobiose and acid catalysts were evaluated by calculating the binding energies as well as distances between acidic protons of the acid catalysts used and D-cellobiose glycosidic oxygen. Out of the six acids studied isethionic acid, 4-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid showed two binding modes each with binding energies greater than 57.00 kJ/mole for the four configurations studied. The shortest -SO3H to glycosidic oxygen distance of 1.744 Å was observed for isethionic acid, supporting the experimental result of highest catalytic activity observed at 180 °C. In conclusion, although the binding between the carbohydrate and sulfonic acid is an important factor in enzyme mimicking catalytic activity, the distance between -SO3H acidic hydrogen and the glycosidic oxygen in the polysaccharide is the more influencing factor in determining the cellulose hydrolysis yield in the set of five hydroxy sulfonic acids studied.