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Surface Engineering and the Control of Corrosion and Wear
Published in Ken N. Strafford, Roger St. C. Smart, Ian Sare, Chinnia Subramanian, Surface Engineering, 2018
Recent studies conducted by Strafford et al. [11–13] have indicated the importance of the choice of the material base M in the development of resistance to chloridation. Pure iron is readily attacked by chlorine gas to produce an iron chloride volatile corrosion product. Nickel, on the other hand, is relatively unaffected, and, by adding nickel to iron, an alloy base is produced with resistance to chloridation. The composition of alloy base is therefore a major factor in the design of a coating material to resist chloridation. The roles of chromium and/or aluminium additions are not apparently as important, although still significant. The significance of alloying element type and concentrations in the development of chloridation resistance has been discussed elsewhere in detail [9,13]. The chloridation behaviour of a number of metals and binary model alloys is illustrated in Figures 15.5 and 15.6.
Iron filings application to reduce lake sediment phosphorus release
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2021
Poornima Natarajan, John S. Gulliver, William A. Arnold
One of the in-lake techniques for internal load reduction is chemical inactivation of sediment phosphorus by adding reagents that sorb, complex, or precipitate phosphate, most commonly using aluminum-based compounds [Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3, NaAlO2], iron salts or minerals [FeCl2, FeCl3, FeClSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe(OH)3], and calcium compounds [CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, lime, limestone, gypsum] (Cooke et al. 1993). Iron compounds are widely used as chemical additives or media amendments for phosphorus removal in water, wastewater, and stormwater treatment; for example, applications of iron chloride, iron ore, iron ochre, and industrial iron oxide tailings in wastewater treatment wetlands (Ann et al. 1999, Zeng et al. 2004, Heal et al. 2005, Vohla et al. 2011) and steel wool and zero-valent iron filings for stormwater runoff treatment (Erickson et al. 2007, 2012, 2017, 2018) have been documented. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles have been extensively used in groundwater remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants (Li et al. 2006, Bae and Hanna 2015).