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Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors in Food and Agricultural Applications
Published in Soney C. George, Jacob Philip, Ann Rose Abraham, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2023
Binila K. Korah, Anu Rose Chacko, Sneha Mathew, Beena Mathew
Ionic liquids are those compounds defined by unique features, such as high conductivity, high stability, high viscosity, low toxicity, and nonvolatility. In liquid state, it exists as a salt with positively and negatively charged ions. When an electrode surface is modified with ionic liquid and MWCNT, it resulted in synergisms that lead to the development of numerous analytical techniques for the detection of pesticides.115,116 Another fungicide applied to seeds known as pyrimethanil (PMT) was determined using a GCE modified with MWCNTs and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The benefit of adding ionic liquid to MWCNTs is that it helps in increasing the effective surface area by unfolding the highly entangled MWCNTs thereby exhibiting higher current response (Figure 6.5). The sensor exhibited high reproducibility and stability with negligible interference and was found effective in PMT determination in real samples.
Potential of Microalgae for Protein Production
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Elena M. Rojo, Alejandro Filipigh, David Moldes, Marisol Vega, Silvia Bolado
Ionic liquids are organic salts in the liquid state with low melting points below 100°C (Nitsos et al., 2020). They consist of a large asymmetric organic cation and an organic or inorganic anion. They have excellent properties for cellulosic biomass treatment due to their high hydrogen bond accepting ability that could disrupt the extensive hydrogen bonding network of polymers, leading to the breakdown of complex networks of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in the cell wall (Matos, 2019). Protein extraction enhancement is expected due to the modification of the cell wall. This is because the hydrogen bonds of the microalgae's cell walls are affected by IL's ions. (Timira et al., 2021). Ionic liquids present a few attractive characteristics such as a low-melting point, extremely low volatility under atmospheric conditions, the capability of dissolving a wide range of polar to non-polar compounds, low flammability, and high thermal and chemical stability (Phong et al., 2018b). Despite these advantages, few articles have used this method due it is a complexity, the fact that some ILs are not environmentally friendly, and the laborious purification process (Timira et al., 2021). Pojić et al. (2018) reported that the extraction of proteins by an IL aqueous two-phase system based on the guanidine IL and hydrogen phosphate is possible. The results showed that the extraction efficiency could reach up to 99.6% under the optimum conditions and that the protein properties did not change after the extraction.
Advanced Biomass Pretreatment Processes for Bioconversion
Published in Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Sonil Nanda, Bioprocessing of Biofuels, 2020
Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Sonil Nanda
The exploration of ionic liquid seems to be a novel and potential technology for biomass pretreatment to generate fermentable sugars. Ionic liquids are organic salts with enhanced thermal stability having substantial application as green solvents in biomass degradation. Ionic liquids can potentially dissolve polar and non-polar organics, inorganics and polymeric compounds. The active dissolution of cellulose and hemicelluloses becomes feasible when biomass is pretreated with ionic liquids. Some advantages associated with the ionic liquids are solvent recycling, chemical stability, thermal stability (typically up to 400°C), non-flammability and non-volatility. Ionic liquids can dissolve solutes of fluctuating polarity. They are also involved in the production of novel chemicals and materials from biomass (Yoo et al. 2017).
Ionic Liquid Antioxidant [X][C6H2(OH)3COO] of Biodiesel and Its Theory Antioxidant Mechanism
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Yu Chen, Fashe Li, Meng Sui, Bican Wang
Ionic liquids, environment-friendly solvents, are one of the top research topics in chemistry currently. Ionic liquids have melting points below 100°C; this is achieved by incorporating a cation into the structure of ionic liquids together with an anion (Armand et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2008; Ya’aini, Amin, and N 2013). The physical properties of ionic liquids can be tailored by a judicious variation in different species of cation. In other words, ionic liquids can be synthesized for a certain application. At present, ionic liquids are often used to catalyze reactions and as a solvent (Benedetto and Ballone 2018; Khan et al. 2018; S H, Galai, and A P D L et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). Alcantara (Alcantara et al. 2018) designed an ionic liquid to separate CO2/CH4; it is an ideal solvent. The experiment confirmed that ionic liquids have high accuracy. B Herce (Herce-Sesa, López-López, and Moreno 2018) used an ionic liquid as a solvent to extract CdCln(n–2); the ionic liquid could extract CdCln(n–2) from seawater.
Advances in sustainable biofuel production from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Denzel C. Makepa, Chido H. Chihobo, Downmore Musademba
Ionic liquids are a class of recently discovered chemicals that, at temperatures below 100 °C, may assume the form of or transform into liquids. They mostly consist of organic cations and inorganic/organic anions [129]. They are seen as environmentally friendly solvents because of their distinctive physical and chemical properties, which include low vapor pressure, high chemical stability, and non-flammability. Ionic liquids are used in several industrial processes, including catalysis, chemical synthesis, and the production of engineering fluids. They are also used in the breakdown and dissolving of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [130]. Ionic liquids have been used to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass for the production of sugars from enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm fronds [131], renewable chemicals of vanillin, syringyl and allyl guaiacol from eucalyptus, switchgrass and pine respectively [132], levulinic acid from cellulose [133], and biogas from improved anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth, rice straw, mango leaves and spruce [134]. Following their pretreatment with ionic liquids, biomass materials’ thermal behavior can also be altered. Zhang et al. [135] discovered that the Avicel and switchgrass samples had greater heat resistance following the pretreatment with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate as a result of the cellulose’s alteration in crystal structure and the removal of minerals, respectively.
Novel DABCO based acidic ionic liquid as a green protocol for the synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives and cytotoxic activity evaluation on human breast cancer cell line
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Priyanka Pinate, Sangita Makone
Organocatalysts have been widely utilized in organic transformations due to their widespread availability, potential for large scale production, and affordability. As a result, they are at the heart of green chemistry [1]. In order to synthesize a distinct class of ionic liquids, the organocatalyst 1,4-diazabicyclooctane (DABCO) is an adequate alternative to pyrimidine derivatives, imidazole and linear tertiary amines [2,3]. Ionic liquids are non-toxic and recoverable, which makes them favorable in sustainable and clean chemistry. Due to their distinctive qualities, such as negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, non-volatility, and high thermal stability, they have received much interest as eco-friendly benign solvents, and catalysts in organic transformations [4–7]. It is possible to alter the activity and selectivity of ionic liquids by their anionic modification, which is why they are referred to as ‘designer’ and ‘task specific’ ionic liquids. Ionic liquids exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties due to the numerous cations and anions combinations they contain. Ionic liquids are able to incorporate bronsted acidic functional groups, particularly as anion, such as H2PO4, ClO4, and HSO4 [4,8–17].