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Renewables—The Future’s (only) Hope!
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Twin-junction cells with indium gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide can be made on gallium arsenide wafers. Alloys of In.5Ga.5P through In.53Ga.47P may be used as the high band gap alloy. This alloy range allows band gaps in the range of 1.92eV to 1.87eV. The lower GaAs junction has a band gap of 1.42eV.
Renewable Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Twin-junction cells with indium gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide can be made on gallium arsenide wafers. Alloys of In.5Ga.5P through In.53Ga.47P may be used as the high band gap alloy. This alloy range allows band gaps in the range of 1.92eV to 1.87eV. The lower GaAs junction has a band gap of 1.42eV.
Most Promising Solar Technologies
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Solar Technologies for the 21st Century, 2021
Twin-junction cells with indium gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide can be made on gallium arsenide wafers. Alloys of In.5Ga.5P through In.53Ga.47P may be used as the high band gap alloy. This alloy range allows band gaps in the range of 1.92eV to 1.87eV. The lower GaAs junction has a band gap of 1.42eV.
Enhancement of PV performance using optical solar spectrum splitting
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Mohammad Hamdan, Amani K. Brawiesh
A hybrid concentrating photovoltaic/concentrating solar power spectrum-splitting collector has been designed, developed, and experimentally tested by Widyolar et al. (2019). The two-stage optical system pairs a parabolic trough with a compound parabolic concentrating secondary, generating 50X geometric concentration on the thermal absorber. Double-junction indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenide solar cells integrated into the secondary reflector generate electricity from photons with energy greater than ∼1.4 eV and reflect the remaining lower energy infrared photons to the thermal absorber for optimal spectral utilization. Simulations predict an optical efficiency of 64%, thermal efficiency of 52% at 600°C, and efficiency of the back-reflecting concentrating photovoltaic subsystem of 6%.
Specifying Non-White Light Sources in Outdoor Applications to Reduce Light Pollution
Published in LEUKOS, 2023
Tony Esposito, Leora C. Radetsky
Common sources of nonwhite light in the outdoor nighttime environment include the following: Low-pressure sodium (LPS): A discharge lamp in which light is produced by radiation from sodium vapor operating at a partial pressure of 0.1 Pa to 1.5 Pa (approximately 10–3 to 10–2 Torr). (IES 2021a). LPS lamps are notable for their saturated orange/amber color appearance, high luminous efficacy, near monochromatic spectral emission, and nearly zero ability to render colors.High-pressure sodium (HPS): A high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp in which light is produced by radiation from sodium vapor operating at a partial pressure of about 1.33 × 104 Pa (100 Torr) (IES 2021a). HPS lamps are notable for their orange color appearance, poor color rendition, and high luminous efficacy.Phosphor-converted amber LED (“PC Amber”): A PC Amber LED is based on a blue-emitting Indium Nitride-Gallium Nitride chip (InGan) paired with a reddish phosphor that fully, or nearly fully, down-converts the short wavelength radiation into longer wavelength broadband emission with a peak wavelength occurring near approximately 595 nm to 605 nm, and a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) range of 80 nm to 90 nm (Mueller-Mach et al. 2009).Direct-emission amber LED (“DE Amber”): A DE Amber LED is based on an Aluminum-Indium-Gallium-Phosphide chip (AlInGaP) directly emitting long wavelength radiation with a peak wavelength of 590 nm to 605 nm, and a FWHM of approximate 15 nm to 20 nm.Phosphor-converted nonwhite LEDs (e.g., “PC 2000 K”): A PC nonwhite LED is based on a blue-emitting Indium Nitride-Gallium Nitride chip (InGan) paired with a reddish phosphor that partially down converts the short wavelength radiation into longer wavelength broadband emission with a peak wavelength occurring around 610 nm, and a FWHM ranging from approximate 80 nm to 90 nm. The chromaticity coordinates of these LED light sources lie near the Planckian locus with target CCTs lower than approximately 2200 K.Other direct-emission narrowband LEDs (e.g., “DE Red”): These nonwhite LEDs, such as direct emitting AlInGaP red LEDs, emit narrowband radiation directly (FWHM from approximately 15 nm to 20 nm). They have saturated color appearances and chromaticity coordinates very near the spectrum locus.