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Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Energy Storage for Cold Chain Applications – From Materials to Systems
Published in Moghtada Mobedi, Kamel Hooman, Wen-Quan Tao, Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage, 2022
Yelaman Maksum, Lin Cong, Boyang Zou, Binjian Nie, Siyuan Dai, Yongliang Li, Yanqi Zhao, Bakytzhan Akhmetov, Lige Tong, Li Wang, Yulong Ding
Ice core refers to a core sample taken from the ice inside a glacier, which contains the information of natural changes of climate and environment, as well as the influence of human activities on the climate in the past. Ice core plays an important role in the research of global climate change. Ice cores are cylindrical shaped, usually drilled out of the Antarctic and the Arctic [65], a major challenge has been to transport them in thermally insulated boxes in refrigerated containers powered by diesel engines; see Figure 15.10 for an example of transporting ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica to the UK. It is well known that diesel-powered refrigerators are highly polluting. The University of Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage has been collaborating with British Antarctic Survey to perform a feasibility study on the use of passively cooled PCM technology for ice core transportation. The study used cold boxes integrated with PCMs, which are charged with cold energy from the locations where ice cores are drilled. The stored cold energy is discharged during transportation. It was observed that an ordinary ice core storage box, if combined with vacuum insulation and CPCM, could maintain the inner temperature below −45°C for over 20 hours.
Energy and Changes in the Environment
Published in Michael Frank Hordeski, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells: Advances in Transportation and Power, 2020
The climate has the ability to shift into radically different states according to ice cores extracted from Greenland’s massive ice sheet in the early 1990s. These rods of ice are up to three kilometers long and provide a set of climate records for the past 110,000 years. They allow the investigation of annual layers in the ice cores which are dated using a variety of methods. The composition of the ice provides the temperature at which it formed.
Environmental Hazards and Their Management
Published in Danny D. Reible, Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering, 2017
Further evidence that this recent increase is the result of human activities, and specifically the increasing use of fossil fuels since the advent of the industrial revolution, can be found by comparing the historical record of carbon dioxide concentration with temperature. Both are recorded in ice cores — carbon dioxide by the composition of trapped gas bubbles and temperature by the ratio of element isotopes in the ice. The general pattern of air movement is toward the pole during which the air cools and higher boiling point fractions are condensed. Lighter isotopes have a lower boiling point and tend to be found in somewhat higher concentrations in the air or water vapor from which ice is formed near the poles. Thus, isotopic ratios in ice cores at the poles can be related to mean atmospheric temperatures. Figure 2.3 indicates the high degree of correlation between carbon dioxide levels in the trapped gases and the ambient temperatures estimated in this way. The only significant deviation has occurred in recent times, presumably due to the large increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere during the Industrial Revolution.
North Atlantic weather regimes in δ18O of winter precipitation: isotopic fingerprint of the response in the atmospheric circulation after volcanic eruptions
Published in Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2019
Hera GuðlaugsdÓttir, Jesper Sjolte, ÁrnÝ Erla Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Martin Werner, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
Isotope records of polar ice cores have played a crucial role in reconstructing past climate, contributing significantly to the understanding of the range of natural climate variability and through this constraining the predictions of the future behavior of the climate system (Johnsen et al., 1997; Dansgaard et al., 1993; Steffensen et al., 2008; NEEM community members, 2013; Masson-Delmotte et al., 2013). The ratio of stable water isotopes is usually expressed using the δ notation, defined as: where V-SMOW stands for Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water.