China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ice mechanics and glacial flow
Published in Ömer Aydan, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019
All materials in nature can be in solid, fluid or gaseous form depending upon the temperature and pressure. Ice is the solidified phase of water under a temperature less than 0°C. Ice-sheets cover the north and south polar regions of the Earth and mountains and plateaus greater than 2500 m above the sea level in other regions. The thickness of ice-sheets is measured to be more than 2700 m in Greenland, and the thickness varies depending upon location. Figures 10.1–10.4 show views of several ice-sheets and glaciers in Northern Hemisphere.
Climate Manifestations
Published in Gregory T. Haugan, The New Triple Constraints for Sustainable Projects, Programs, and Portfolios, 2016
Polar ice sheets are also melting and the Greenland ice sheet has experienced dramatic ice melt in recent years. The sea ice in Antarctica is melting and especially the West Antarctic ice sheet. The concern about the ice sheet melting is the impact on sea level rise As mentioned earlier, a large proportion of the rise in sea levels is due to ice sheet melting, and this proportion is expected to increase In addition to the danger of flooding, rising sea levels bring saltwater into rivers, spoil drinking wells, and turn fertile farmlands into useless fields of salty soil.
Underwater Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey
Published in Jonathan Loo, Jaime Lloret Mauri, Jesús Hamilton Ortiz, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, 2016
Miguel García, Sandra Sendra, Marcelo Atenas, Jaime Lloret
The global warming became a priority issue in the past years due to its direct involvement in the climate change. If the global warming keeps rising in the future, the polar ice sheets will increase their melting process, contributing to the sea level rise. So, it is important to deploy a system to control the change in the sea level, for example, with an autonomous underwater ad hoc network, capable of providing accurate and timely information to either governmental institution or private institution. For this reason the underwater acoustic communication networks have become an important research field for many research groups in the recent years.
Correlation and interaction between temperature and freeze-thaw in representative regions of Antarctica
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2022
Dong Liang, Huadong Guo, Qing Cheng, Lu Zhang, Lingyi Kong
Freeze–thaw variations in the Antarctic ice sheet had temperature effects according to the results of the Granger causality test. In other words, rising temperatures were observed together with the melting of the ice sheet surface, and surface freezing was observed with falling temperatures, indicating mutual influence. The ice sheet surface will melt when the temperature rises, leading to a reduction in the surface albedo of the melted ice sheet. Consequently, the greater absorption of radiation may result in the melting of the ice sheet surface. The albedo is greatly increased when the ice sheet surface freezes, causing a decrease in the absorption of solar radiation and ultimately leading to a drop in temperature. A positive feedback mechanism is then formed between freeze–thaw and temperature. In addition, the bi-directional effect between freeze–thaw and temperature is also affected by factors such as sea ice density, thermal flux, and atmospheric circulation anomalies.
Analyzing Antarctic ice sheet snowmelt with dynamic Big Earth Data
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2021
Dong Liang, Huadong Guo, Lu Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Lizhe Wang, Lei Liang, Zeeshan Shirazi
Increasing global concern about climate change presents one of the most complicated challenges to the global community, and in particular for the Earth science community as they must not only understand the underlying global-scale processes but also support policy development towards mitigation. Within this context, polar regions showing evident and quantifiable effects from climate change over the years are of particular interest, as polar ice sheets are sensitive indicators of climate change. The changes within these polar environments are concerning as the melting of ice sheets in these regions will result in rising sea levels, creating problems for coastal settlements throughout the world (Lenaerts et al. 2019). Collectively, the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets contain more than two thirds of the planet’s freshwater (IPCC 2014a). Complete disintegration of only the Antarctic ice sheet would raise the level of the oceans by more than 58 m, inundating many of the world’s major human settlements (Fretwell et al. 2013; Shepherd et al. 2018). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC 2014b) and the IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C cite several studies that suggest nearly complete melting of polar ice sheets will occur at thresholds as low as 1°C and as high as 4°C of warming (IPCC 2018). The future of these ice sheets is therefore a challenging and complicated environmental policy issue for the coming years. This issue has also become relevant to efforts towards sustainability within the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (United Nations 2015) and beyond. Understanding the mechanisms of these changes and identifying anthropogenic impacts will help to define success in achieving true sustainability (Guo 2019a, 2019b, 2020). Big Earth Data analysis and innovative uses of data and technology have the potential to provide novel solutions to understand climate change and facilitate mitigation processes (Guo, Goodchild, and Annoni 2020a; Guo, Fu, and Liu 2019).