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Development of Redox-Responsive Membranes for Biomedical Applications
Published in Stephen Gray, Toshinori Tsuru, Yoram Cohen, Woei-Jye Lau, Advanced Materials for Membrane Fabrication and Modification, 2018
In vivo excessive production of hypobromous acid (HBrO) can cause tissue damage and thus leads to many diseases like asthma, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and cancers. Based on the redox reaction cycles between HbrO and ascorbic acid and between HbrO and H2S, HBrO biosensors only responding to HBrO were designed. For example, Han et al. (2012) designed the Cy-TemOH biosensor, where a heptamethine cyanine platform acted as the fluorophore and the integrated 4-hydroxylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TemOH) moiety acted as the fluorescent modulator that responded to the redox changes of HbrO (Figure 20.4) (Yu et al., 2012b). That is to say, by using this catalytic redox cycle, the NIR fluorescent probes containing a hydroxylamine moiety could be used to detect intracellular HOBr level.
A review of technologies for bromide and iodide removal from water
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2023
Sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide could oxidize iodide to iodine then decomposing into hypoiodic acid [126,127], and oxidize bromide to hypobromous acid [128–130]. It could be described in Equations (19) [128] and (20) [126]. But there are some different voices. Hoigné et al. [131] suggested that chlorine dioxide could hardly react with bromide, and the rate constant of bromide was less than 10−4 M−1 s−1. For chlorine dioxide, Jones et al. [116] found that adding chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation before monochloramine disinfection could reduce I-THMs and Br-THMs formation, because chlorine dioxide could consume NOM. For sodium hypochlorite, Ikari et al. [127] used it to oxidize iodide and subsequently adsorbed it with activated carbon. The main oxidation product was adsorbable hypoiodous acid (HOI) at low chlorine doses and adsorbable organic iodine (organic-I) at high chlorine doses. As NOM concentration increased, the adsorbable iodine formed increased. 95% of iodide was transformed into adsorbable iodine forms when DOC was 10 mg-C/L. Bromide could enhance the transformation from iodide to iodate during sodium hypochlorite disinfection, thereby reducing I-THM formation [132].
Effects of Total Residual Oxidant on Oxidative Stress in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Han Seok Ryu, Jung Ho Han, Jin Ah Song, Cheol Young Choi
Ozone (O3), an allotrope of oxygen with strong oxidizing capacity, has the ability to decompose organic matter and is used for water sterilization in various applications, including aquaculture. The injection of ozone into water treatment systems to induce oxidation and remove microorganisms has been referred to as the ‘ozone oxidation method’ (Oh, Kim, and Cho 1999; Park et al. 2013). The ozone oxidation method is often applied in recirculating aquaculture systems that require purification and reuse of the process water (Schroeder et al. 2011). This method has been reported to be effective for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, and for the removal of organic matter resulting from metabolic activities of aquatic organisms (Sharrer and Summerfelt 2007; Wold et al. 2014). The removal of organic matter by ozone is not only attributable to ozone itself, but also to the effects of hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypobromite ion (BrO−), which are powerful oxidants formed by a reaction between ozone and Br-. In this process, the oxidants that are created by ozone that function to destroy microorganisms are called total residual oxidants (TRO) (Buchan, Martin-Robichaud, and Benfey 2005).
Seawater ozonation: effects of seawater parameters on oxidant loading rates, residual toxicity, and total residual oxidants/by-products reduction during storage time
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2018
Alex Augusto Gonçalves, Graham A. Gagnon
Dissolved ozone is more stable at low temperatures, and increasing the temperature increases the reaction rate (decay) constant (Sohn et al. 2004). In fact, the residual ozone in seawater at a temperature of 25°C was lower than at 15°C but in all cases, the fluctuation was verified. According to Cooper et al. (2002) for potential treatment chemicals, it is important to understand the stability of the chemical, the formation of reaction by-products that are transient and those that are stable, and their effects on receiving water when the treated ballast water is discharged. Three reaction by-products were identified from the literature as possible constituents of ozone-treated seawater. These were bromate ion, bromoform, and bromine, i.e. in water as hypobromous acid/hypobromite ion; HOBr/OBr− (Herwig et al. 2006; Huang, Chen, and Peng 2004; Perrins et al. 2006a). The pH of the seawater (after ozonation) in these experiments (Table 3) was variable but in an average of 8.14 ± 0.51. Therefore, a substantial portion of the total bromine would be in the HOBr format and nonreactive with ozone (Cooper et al. 2002; Herwig et al. 2006; Huang, Chen, and Peng 2004).