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Compressed Hydrogen Refueling Stations
Published in Shitanshu Sapre, Kapil Pareek, Rupesh Rohan, Compressed Hydrogen in Fuel Cell Vehicles, 2022
Shitanshu Sapre, Kapil Pareek, Rupesh Rohan
Hydrogen has been identified as a potential energy carrier. The extraction or utilization of hydrogen energy depends on the development of hydrogen infrastructure mainly, transportation, distribution and storage. For significant deployment of fuel cell vehicles, need of comprehensive refueling infrastructure would be required. As the market of fuel cell vehicles grows a sufficient number of refueling stations need to be developed. Therefore, the lack of adequate hydrogen delivery infrastructure is a major barrier to the large-scale deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, the presence of uncertainty between investment in hydrogen infrastructure and penetration of fuel cell vehicles is creating the chicken and egg dilemma.
Power Conversion and Control for Fuel Cell Systems in Transportation and Stationary Power Generation
Published in Frede Blaabjerg, Dan M. Ionel, Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®, 2017
Kaushik Rajashekara, Akshay K. Rathore
Despite the challenges in developing fuel cell systems, significant progress has occurred, especially over the last decade, due to government funding and private sector investment. In 2014, the fuel cell industry grew by almost $1 billion, reaching $2.2 billion in sales, up from $1.3 billion in 2013. Major increases were spurred by fuel cells for material handling (the United States) and large-scale stationary power unit sales by U.S. companies and residential fuel cells in Japan [30]. In addition, large commercial and industrial buildings as well as data centers are using fuel cells for reliable power or CHP. Although fuel cell technology has shown great promise, the FCVs continue to remain merely as demonstration vehicles or limited use vehicles. This is because of the issues related to cost, manufacturing, robustness of the technology, hydrogen production, and hydrogen infrastructure. However, automakers have renewed their interest in FCVs. In 2015, at least five auto companies including Honda, Toyota, and Hyundai launched their FCVs. The Honda FCV will seat five persons and will have a range greater than 300 miles (480 km). Honda developed a fuel cell concept in 2006 that became available on a lease-limited basis in 2008 as the Honda FCX Clarity, a four-seat sedan. About 200 of these vehicles are on monthly lease in southern California, where there are hydrogen refueling stations. Nissan signed an agreement in January 2013 with Daimler and Ford to build a common fuel cell system and hopes to release an FCV in 2017 [31]. Toyota Mirai FCV is already available in California. Its range is about 300 miles (480 km), refueling will take about 5 min, and fuel is included for the first 3 years of ownership. The power train has an eight-year/100,000 mile (162,000 km) warranty to allay early-adopter concerns.
Hydrogen Sources
Published in Michael Frank Hordeski, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells: Advances in Transportation and Power, 2020
The problems facing the development of a hydrogen infrastructure include the lack of demand for cars and trucks with limited fueling options and any incentive to invest in a fueling infrastructure unless there are enough vehicles on the road.
Transforming road freight transportation from fossils to hydrogen: Opportunities and challenges
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
Sandun Wanniarachchi, Kasun Hewage, Chan Wirasinghe, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Hirushie Karunathilake, Rehan Sadiq
Hydrogen infrastructure could be defined as a “network of facilities in the supply and value chain that comprises hydrogen production from feedstocks, transmitting and distributing, storage, and refueling stations” (Kim et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2012). Figure 3 shows different stages involved in the hydrogen refueling supply chain. Hydrogen refueling infrastructure development needs to cover all of these stages. When assessing the prospects of using hydrogen as a major fuel source for freight transportation, it is necessary to analyze each of these supply chain elements. Published literature shows that multiple studies have considered planning hydrogen infrastructure predominantly focusing on light duty passenger vehicles (Talebian et al., 2019; Wulf et al., 2018). This includes the spatial planning of refueling infrastructure over a confined area (a city) which is a critical factor when considering travel paths of passenger vehicles. Despite planning hydrogen supply chain networks for passenger vehicles and long-haul freight vehicles having many similarities, the latter would require further considerations in terms of scale of production and mode of distribution since refueling stations would be distributed over a vast area quite distant from each other.