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Organic Electro-Optic Materials
Published in John R. Reynolds, Barry C. Thompson, Terje A. Skotheim, Conjugated Polymers, 2019
Several notable accomplishments of this earlier period include the synthesis of new chromophores with dramatically improved (by more than an order of magnitude) molecular first hyperpolarizability [1–5], investigation of the effect of cladding layer conductance and dielectric behavior on poling efficiency [5, 83–89], and development of effective matrix hardening protocols (particularly Diels–Alder and azide-alkyne-based Huisgen cycloaddition reactions) to achieve desired thermal and photochemical stability for OEO materials [1–5, 114, 26, 90–98]. Also, a variety of prototype devices appropriate for a wide range of applications were demonstrated [1–5, 99–104]. Important advances were made in the processing of OEO materials including the fabrication of vertically integrated and 3-D waveguide structures [105] and fabrication of OEO devices using soft lithography [106]. Again, as these advances have been reviewed elsewhere [1–5, 14, 26], no further comment will be made here.
Advancements and Potential Prospects of Polymer/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: From Laboratory Synthesis to Commercialization
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty, Biocomposites, 2018
The main challenge in the synthesis of nanocomposites is the homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix as nanoparticles have a strong tendency to aggregate. This challenge has diverted the attention of researchers to click chemistry to achieve excellent filler dispersion in the polymer matrix. Click chemistry is based on the Huisgen cycloaddition of azide moiety with alkyne moiety to the surface of matrix as well as filler. Nanocomposites synthesized using this approach have been reported to be used as chemiresistive sensors for the detection of H2O2 vapor with rapid response and recovery at room temperature [32].
Catalysis
Published in Aidé Sáenz-Galindo, Adali Oliva Castañeda-Facio, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Green Chemistry and Applications, 2020
Fabiola N. de la Cruz, José Domingo Rivera-Ramírez, Julio López, Miguel A. Vázquez
Organometallic catalysis has been extensively exploited for the synthesis of porphyrins. Several palladium-mediated couplings are basic strategies to build these macrocycles by creation of C–C bonds, and other pathways employing palladium or iridium are now being used to functionalize the scaffolds via C–H activation; complementary, copper-assisted Huisgen cycloaddition is an important method to link porphyrin frameworks into a variety of functional compounds. Nevertheless, those metals are not the only ones implicated in the field of macrocycles, as depicted in the review made by Shinokubo et al. (Hiroto et al., 2017).
The synthesis of biologically active 1-sulfonyl-1, 2, 3-triazoles from sulfonyl azides and alkynes: a focus review
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Mustafa M. Kadhim, Evan Abdulkareem Mahmood, Mohammad Reza Poor Heravi, Somayeh Soleimani-Amiri, Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi, Esmail Vessally
The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition has become an efficient, practical, and economical approach to synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles as this reaction have a 100% atom economy and avoids pre-functionalization of the starting materials. In this family of reactions, [3 + 2] cycloaddition between alkynes and sulfonyl azides into 1-sulfonyl-1, 2, 3-triazoles has recently attracted considerable attention because of the diverse range of their synthetic applications and biological properties. Although impressive progress has been made in this interesting research field, some challenging problems remain unsolved yet. For example: (i) generally, the above cycloaddition is limited to the use of terminal alkynes. Thus, many more studies are further needed to development of efficient procedures that allow use of internal alkynes; and (ii) the number of reported examples in the synthesis of 1-(N-sulfonyl)-5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles are too narrow and there is further need to study the scope and limitations of these reactions.