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Chemicals from Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Chemically, methane (typical of alkanes) undergoes very few reactions. One of these reactions is halogenation, or the substitution of hydrogen with halogen to form a halomethane. This is a very important reaction providing alternative pathway for methane activation for the production of synthetic crude oil, fuels, and chemicals. Industrial use of this process will not only eliminate the expensive air separation plants, but as well produce far less greenhouse gases. Gas-phase thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidative methanation process are suitable for industrial application. The proposed process is based on elimination of need for air separation for oxygen production; hence, the gas-phase thermal chlorination is selected (Rozanov and Treger, 2010; Alvarez-Galvan et al., 2011; Treger et al., 2012; Rabiu and Yusuf, 2013).
Organic Chemicals
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally more toxic than nonchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Halomethanes are commonly the result of chlorination of drinking water and are some of the most toxic substances known to humans. They can trigger symptoms in chemically sensitive individuals. Due to the special adverse effects of halogenated compounds, these compounds will be discussed individually.
Identification of CH3F, CH3Cl, and CH3Br molecules by boron phosphide nanosheets: a DFT study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Li Yan-mei, Li Cun-hong, Hu Peng, Wang Xiao-hua, Sirvan Petrosian, Wei Li
Nanostructured devices have today numerous potential applications in light of their unique characteristics [1–6]. Pristine and/or modified nanostructures, e.g. nanocones, nanosheets, and nanotubes, have been effectively employed to develop novel gas detectors [7–9]. There is a large body of experimental and theoretical research on pristine and modified organic – e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [10–15] – and inorganic nanostructures – e.g. boron phosphide (BP), silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminium nitride (AlN) nanotubes and nanosheets [16–24]. These nanostructures have semiconductor characteristics and a relatively great bandgap. They outperform carbon-based nanostructures for the detection of several gases [25]. They have also excellent physicochemical efficiency in light of higher mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical stability [26–28]. Bare inorganic nanostructures (e.g. BP) have an intrinsically polar surface and thus are more reactive than carbon-based ones to adsorb polar species. A number of methods are available to enhance surface selectivity/reactivity toward specific classes of molecules. The use of some elements to dope the surfaces of nanostructures or mechanically perturb the surface potentially alters the nanostructure both electronically and mechanically so that the nanostructure could be more efficient and effective in sensing applications [29–33]. Chemically denoted as CH3X (X = F, Cl, or Br), halomethanes represent a class of gases with high toxicity that imposes depletion of ozone. These compounds can be emitted in agricultural or industrial centres and have natural origins [34–37].