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A New Downstream Industry
Published in Marcio Wagner da Silva, Crude Oil Refining, 2023
As presented earlier, the necessity to build a continuous supply of more sustainable transportation fuel is leading the refiners to consider processing renewable raw materials in the refining hardware to achieve cleaner and fewer carbon fuels. One of the most promising initiatives in this sense is the production of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) to compose the diesel pool of some refineries. The process consists of processing renewable materials like palm oil in conventional diesel hydrotreating units to produce what is called green diesel. At this point, it’s interesting to make a differentiation between biodiesel and HVO. Biodiesel is produced through transesterification, producing a mixture of fatty acids and methyl esters. HVO is basically composed of normal paraffin, which is a result of hydrotreating reactions. The great advantage of HVO in comparison with the biodiesel is the similarity of properties in relation to the fossil diesel, the density of HVO tends to be lower than the fossil diesel, and cetane number tends to be high, being a perfect additive in a final mixture. On the other side, the high concentration of normal paraffin leads to worse cold flow characteristics, which can be bypassed through the use of dewaxing beds in hydrotreating reactors, applying ZSM-5 catalysts to control the dimension of the paraffin chain. Due to these characteristics, HVO can be a better blending agent to the final diesel than the traditional biodiesel produced by transesterification.
Renewables—The Future’s (only) Hope!
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Advanced biodiesel includes: Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils or animal fats. The first large-scale plants have been opened in Finland and Singapore, but the process has not yet been fully commercialized.Biomass-to-liquids (BtL) diesel, also referred to as Fischer-Tropsch diesel, is produced by a twostep process in which biomass is converted to a syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. After cleaning, the syngas is catalytically converted through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis into a broad range of hydrocarbon liquids, including synthetic diesel and bio-kerosene.
The Other Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Advanced biodiesel includes: Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils or animal fats. The first large-scale plants have been opened in Finland and Singapore, but the process has not yet been fully commercialized.Biomass-to-liquids (BtL) diesel, also referred to as Fischer-Tropsch diesel, is produced by a two-step process in which biomass is converted to a syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. After cleaning, the syngas is catalytically converted through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis into a broad range hydrocarbon liquids, including synthetic diesel and bio-kerosene.
A review on the production and physicochemical properties of renewable diesel and its comparison with biodiesel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Rashi Koul, Naveen Kumar, R.C Singh
Recently, other new technologies like hydroprocessing of liquid biomass (oil from jatropha, canola, palm, etc.) use a catalyst and hydrogen to convert it into biofuel. Hydrogen breaks the C-C, C-S, C-N, and other heteroatom bonds present in a compound, forming a straight chain like petro-diesel (Arun, Sharma, and Dalai 2015). It is gaining a lot of awareness in the academic world and many industries. Some of the noteworthy advantages of hydroprocessing are that the process involves less investment, current installed pipeline infrastructure, existing CI engine design, and has the flexibility with the use of the feedstock (Balat 2011; Sonthalia and Kumar 2017). Renewable diesel (RD) or “drop-in fuel” (Kumar, Singh, and Korstad 2017) or “hydro-treated vegetable oil” (HVO) is second-generation, alternate fuel (Soo-Young 2014) which has a similar molecular structure to that of the petro-diesel fuel. “Renewable diesel” is also called as “hydro-treated Vegetable oil” (HVO) (Brännström, Kumar, and Alén 2018; Jain and Sirisha 2015), “hydroprocessed vegetable oil” (Arun, Sharma, and Dalai 2015; Sonthalia and Kumar 2017; Wakil et al. 2015), “green diesel,” and “hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel” (Bezergianni and Dimitriadis 2013).