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Safety Risk Assessment and Management
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
An experienced multidisciplinary team is required to conduct a HAZOP. To cover all the possible malfunctions in a plant, procedure, system, or process, the HAZOP study team members use a set of guide words for generating the process variable deviations to be considered in the HAZOP study. A list of guide words with their meanings is presented in Table 6.3 (McDermid et al., 1996). The procedural steps involved in conducting HAZOP are shown in Figure 6.6. Marhavilas et al. (2011) briefly summarized the main characteristics of HAZOP as follows: it is a systematic, highly structured assessment relying on HAZOP guide words to generate a comprehensive review and ensure that appropriate safeguards against accidents are in placeit is applicable to any plant, process, system or procedureit is used most as a system-level risk-assessment techniqueit generates primarily qualitative results, although some basic quantification is possible
Human Reliability Assessment in risk assessment
Published in Barry Kirwan, A Guide to Practical Human Reliability Assessment, 2017
HAZOP studies comprehensively analyse all parts of a plant with the help of eight to ten guidewords, using a HAZOP team of about four to six personnel. HAZOP considerations are usually highly detailed and can lead to a large reduction in system faults and hazards, as well as to improvements in levels of both safety and operability (and hence to enhanced productivity). The HAZOP process, as will be argued later in Section 5.3, is a highly useful tool for considering human-error impacts in the system design, since at this early design stage improvements in human factors (or ergonomics) will be relatively inexpensive because the design is still fairly flexible. A parallel approach to HAZOP is that of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, which is not dealt with in this book (see Henley & Kumamoto, 1981).
Evaluate and Manage Process Risks
Published in James A. Klein, Bruce K. Vaughen, Process Safety, 2017
James A. Klein, Bruce K. Vaughen
A qualitative risk matrix, as shown in Figure 7.10, is often used to determine the adequacy of available safeguards in the hazardous event evaluation methodology and to help develop recommendations for additional safeguards. Deviations in a HAZOP that lead to consequences of interest, such as toxic releases or fires, are often evaluated using the organization’s risk matrix to evaluate the frequency and severity of the consequences. The risk ranking determined from these values will help the PHRA team evaluate if recommendations are needed to improve or add safeguards to achieve an acceptable risk category. In Figure 7.10, for example, a frequency of F3 and a consequence severity of C4 results in a R4 risk ranking. Based on review of the definitions provided in Table 7.9, this would require the team to make recommendations to achieve at least an R2 risk ranking, typically by adding or improving safeguards that reduce the event frequency (see Figure 3.2).
Plant design of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in Malaysia
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Angnes Ngieng Tze Tiong, Zuhair Khan, Valerie Chin, Osama Abdul Wahid, Regina Mbeu Wachira, Shannon Michaela Kung, Ashvin Viknesh Mahenthiran
Preliminary hazards and safety review was also done based on the materials used in the process. Each of the material was examined for its hazards, risks, consequences, and accidental release measures, handling and storage to minimize the risk level. In addition, the preliminary design of the process was scrutinized using a Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP). A HAZOP is defined as a structured, systematic technique adopted to identify the potential hazards and operability problems in a system. The equipment of the process was examined, and the potential risks associated with them were highlighted. The deviation of certain process variables such as temperature, pressure, flowrate, and liquid level were considered. The causes and consequences of these deviations were analyzed in detail, and safeguards/recommendations for the safety of both the personnel and the equipment were proposed. Mitigations were provided to reduce the potential impacts to as low as reasonably practicable.
An integrated framework comprising of AHP, expert questionnaire survey and sensitivity analysis for risk assessment in mining projects
Published in International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 2019
HAZOP analysis is used for identifying hazards, their potential causes and effects. The analysis focuses on deviation from normal operating mode as the initiating event. These deviations are qualitatively described using guide words such as MORE, LESS, NO or NOT. Both HAZOP and the proposed framework try to assess the consequence of risk events. Although this being the case, the former differs from the latter in a number of ways. The proposed framework encompasses both likelihood and consequence of risk events in its structure whilst HAZOP only considers consequence in its assessment of risk events.HAZOP assesses consequences or impacts of risk events using a qualitative deviation from normal approach whilst the proposed framework employs a quantitative AHP technique.
A creation method of comprehensive cases and specifications for hardware and software combined test to detect undesirable events of an industrial product using HAZOP
Published in SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 2022
Masakazu Takahashi, Kouji Ueno, Yunarso Anang, Yoshimichi Watanabe
First, HAZOP is originally a method for analysing the accidents that occur when operating a chemical plant. In HAZOP, it considers that the plant is safe when the plant is operated according to the design intention but the plant becomes unsafe when the operation deviates from the design intention. Therefore, the engineers consider comprehensive deviations from the design intent and evaluate the negative impacts on the plant and various safety countermeasures when the deviation occurs. Deviations from the design intent are created by combining characteristic quantities (parameters) that represent the operating state of the plant and keywords (guide words) that represent the types of deviations prepared in advance. Here, deviations in HAZOP are equipment failures, operational errors, and abnormal measured values et, al. The following advantages can be obtained by conducting HAZOP. The deviated states are created by combining guide words and parameters comprehensively, and the accidents related to the deviated state are analysed. As a result, it is possible to comprehensively analyse the accidents. Since HAZOP is carried out by a team of engineers with various experiences and knowledge, deep risk analysis is performed in the view of various angles. On the other hand, the following disadvantages exist. Since many deviated states are created, it takes long time to analyse. Since HAZOP is performed manually, the deviated state is missed, or engineers sometimes miss the deviated states. However, since the effectiveness of HAZOP in risk analysis has been recognized, HAZOP has recently been applied to various fields other than chemical plants, such as electrical and electronic circuits, software development, medical care (surgery), and work diagnosis [8].