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Graphene from Essential Oils
Published in Amir Al-Ahmed, Inamuddin, Graphene from Natural Sources, 2023
Graphene, graphene-based nanocomposites and polymers are broadly applied in different fields. They are used in the construction of photocatalysts applied in pollutant degradation, H2 production and CO2 reduction (Li et al., 2016). Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are widely employed in batteries owing to their important surface area, low electrical resistance, low mass density and high cyclic stability (Lawal, 2019). The use of graphene and its derivatives in solar cells has been studied by several researchers (Singh and Nalwa, 2015; Aydın, 2018; Lim et al., 2018; Mahmoudi et al., 2018). Graphene is an excellent anticorrosion coating for metals because of its impermeability to all molecules and has high chemical stability (Lawal, 2019). It has been one of the most popular choices to develop the electrodes of a sensor. For biosensors, the fabrication of graphene-based nanocomposite modified with biomacromolecules (DNA, proteins, peptides, etc.) improves the biocompatibility and bio-recognition ability of these materials, therefore, could greatly enhance their biosensing performances on both selectivity and sensitivity (Wang et al., 2017). Its higher permeate flux, higher selectivity and improved stability through controlled pore size and shape make graphene membrane ideal to solve environmental problems (Mohan et al., 2018). Carbon-based nanomaterials are potentially applied in biomedical fields such as molecular imaging, cancer and gene therapy, drug delivery, biosensors and tissue-engineering applications (Polichitti et al., 2010; Croitoru et al., 2019).
Nanozymes and Their Applications in Biomedicine
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Qian Liang, Ruofei Zhang, Xiyun Yan, Kelong Fan
Graphene oxide is an oxide of graphene which still has a structure consisting of a single molecular layer of graphite, but many oxygen functional groups are introduced in it, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy and so on. The peroxidase-like activity of graphene oxide was first discovered by Yang et al. (Fengli Qu 2011). The catalytic mechanism of graphene oxide is based on its ability to accelerate the electron transfer between H2O2 and donor molecules. In addition, graphene oxide possesses a high specific surface area. Its special molecular structure makes it exhibit a high affinity for TMB. In the TMB color reaction catalyzed by graphene oxide, the substrate affinity toward TMB is higher than that of HRP, but the substrate affinity toward H2O2 is lower than that of HRP, which is very similar to the other peroxidase nanozymes.
Antimicrobial properties of Modified Graphene and other advanced 2D Material Coated Surfaces
Published in Craig E. Banks, Dale A. C. Brownson, 2D MATERIALS, 2018
Anthony J. Slate, Nathalie Karaky, Kathryn A. Whitehead
Much alike graphene, graphene oxide is a 2D-nanomaterial with promising applications in a variety of fields including polymer composites, electrochemical appliances (i.e., electrodes), sensors and biomedical applications9 due to its excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties12. Unlike graphene, graphene oxide is hydrophilic due to the oxygen containing groups, allowing it to solubilise in water.10 Graphene oxide is a promising material for the development of antimicrobial surface coating, due to its reported excellent contact-based antimicrobial activity; however the exact mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated.11 Graphene oxide is reported to have demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi, including resistant strains.13 Graphene oxide has also demonstrated broad spectrum antiviral activity; it was shown to significantly reduce both pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), leading to a two log reduction of viral titres.72 This antimicrobial activity has been attributed to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups present in graphene oxide. It has been shown that altering the surface properties of graphene oxide, such as the edge planes, can dramatically improve antimicrobial activity, leading to a marked improvement in both amphipathy (important for the wrapping mechanism) and physiochemical effects.68
Dynamics of heat passage in hybrid and tri-hybrid Oldroyd-B blood flows through a wedge-shaped artery: A medical application
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
The motivation to use nanoparticles in the biomedical sciences is that the favorable nature of nanoparticles toward some medical requirement. Graphene oxide has several biomedical applications, such as antibacterial agents, gene therapy, cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, etc. Titanium oxide is worthwhile in biomedical for drug delivery, biosensing, antibacterial activity, targeted drug delivery, etc. Also, the unique properties of TiO2, such as nontoxic, biocompatible, and affordable values, make it useful in nanomedicine. Accessible communication with biological interfaces of Al2O3 nanoparticles allows them to use for biomedical purposes. Also, the Aluminum nanoparticles can be used in harsh non-biological situations. Keeping in mind the extra ordinary properties of the nanoparticles discussed above we can utilize this for effective heat transmission and hemodynamic.
Theory of nematic ordering driven by hydrogen bonding between rods and solvent molecules
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Recently, water-dispersible liquid crystalline molecules have received significant attention as new materials for not only display but also food science [1] and biomaterials [2,3]. Typical examples are chromonic liquid crystals [4–6], graphene oxide [7–10], and surfactant-covered carbon nanotubes [11,12], etc. Graphene oxide is a material in which various oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, and hydroxyl groups are bonded to a monolayer of graphite. For dispersing carbon nanotubes in water, surfactant molecules such as sodium dodecyl sulphate [11] have been bound on nanotubes’ surface. For dispersing the solute molecules in water, the solute molecules must carry such functional groups capable of forming a hydrogen bond with water. Hydrogen bonding between two different rodlike molecules has also been used as a mechanism for the mesophase stabilisation [13–15].
Preparation and tribological properties of modified MWCNTs by Schiff base Cu (II) complexes as lubricant additives
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Bo Zuo, Li Wu, Ze Song, Xinlei Gao, Hongjiao Wang, Xiangpei Qin
Graphene is one of important low dimensional carbon members. Because of a honeycomb plane film formed by carbon atoms in the way of sp2 hybridization and the thinnest two-dimensional material, G has become a potential high-performance nano lubricating material, which can be used as an additive of lubricating oil, ionic liquid, etc., and can significantly improve the bearing capacity of lubricants and the anti-wear performance of friction pairs.[1] However, the problem on how to improve the dispersion stability of graphene in various solvents or lubricants still needs to be further solved. Graphene oxide is another very important low-dimensional carbon member, which is the most important derivative of graphene and retains the two-dimensional carbon skeleton layer and connects with –OH, C–O–C, –C = O, –COOH and other oxygen-containing functional groups at the edge. Graphene oxide inherits the high specific surface area and excellent mechanical properties from graphene, and can maintain very good dispersion in aqueous or organic solutions.[2] Therefore, GO is also concerned in the field of tribology.[3,4]