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Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Glycol ethers are alkyl ether derivatives of ethylene, diethylene, triethylene, and propylene glycol. The acetate derivatives of glycol ethers are included and are considered toxicologically identical to their precursors. They are known by formal chemical names, e.g., ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; common chemical names, e.g., 2-methoxyethanol; and trade names, e.g., methyl cellosolve.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Glycol ethers are alkyl ether derivatives of ethylene, diethylene, triethylene, and propylene glycol. The acetate derivatives of glycol ethers are included and are considered toxicologically identical to their precursors. They are known by formal chemical names, e.g., ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; common chemical names, e.g., 2-methoxyethanol; and trade names, e.g., methyl cellosolve.
SOLVENT SELECTION CRITERIA
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Revised And Expanded, 2003
Glycol Ethers and their acetates are often used as solvents in coatings, resins and dyes. Glycol ethers include butyl cellusolve (2-butoxyethanol), cellusolve (2- ethoxyethanol), methyl cellusolve (2-methoxyethanol), and cellusolve acetate (2- cthoxycthyl acetate). Most common glycol ethers are combustible. Many glycol ethers are readily absorbed through the skin. This exposure route can be more serious than inhalation. Acute effects from overexposure to glycol ethers include irritation and headaches. Chronic exposure affects several different organ systems in the body. Many, including cellusolve and methyl cellusolve, are known to have serious reproductive effects in humans and/or animals. However, this is not the case with butyl cellusolve.
Proposal for a neurotoxic classification for chemicals at work
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Shiraz Dib, Thi-Hai-Yen Nguyen, Julie Bodin, Mélanie Bertin, Alexis Descatha, Yves Roquelaure, Nathalie Bonvallot
Glycol ethers are a family of more than 80 chemicals consisting of oxygenated solvents largely used in industrial processes and consumer products (paints, varnishes, detergents, etc.). The most highly used glycol ethers in Europe are ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) and propylene glycol methyl ether (2PG1ME), with production volumes from 1,00,000 to 10,00,000 tons/year. Glycol ethers are mentioned in three distinct categories in the questionnaires used in the French occupational programs: Ethylene glycol derivatives that are non-classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction) according to the CLP regulation: EGnPE, EGiPE, EGBE, EGBEA, EGHE, EGPhE, DEGEE, DEGEEA, DEGBE, DEGBEA, DEGHE, TEGME, TEGEE, TEGBEPropylene glycol derivatives that are non-classified as CMR: 2PG1ME, 2PG1MEA, 2PG1EE, 2PG1EEA, 2PG1BE, DPGME, DPGBE, 2PG1PhE, 1PG3ME, PGDEE, PGtBE, PGDME, DPGDME, DPGEE, DPGMEACMR glycol ethers: EGME, EGMEA, EGEE, EGEEA, EGDME, EGDEE, DEGME, DEGDME, TEGDME, 1PG2ME, 1PG2MEA.
Cleaning workers’ exposure to volatile organic compounds and particulate matter during floor polish removal and reapplication
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Joonas Ruokolainen, Marko Hyttinen
Glycol ethers are widely used in different chemicals, for example, in paints, lacquers, cleaning solutions (especially floor polishes and polish removers), degreasers, varnish removers, and hydraulic fluids.[4,10–13] Due to the vast use of glycol ethers there are multiple occupations where exposure to glycol ethers occurs, for example, painters, printers (silk-screen, offset, and stamping printers), cleaning workers, graffiti removers, textile and dying industry, workers handling fuel.[4,13,14] Repeated exposure to glycol ethers can lead to contact dermatitis.[13] Previously used glycol ethers (2-alkoxyethanols, mainly 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol) were found to cause multiple adverse health effects, including hematological effects, oligospermia and azoospermia, reproductive problems, and immunotoxic effects, therefore they have been substituted with less hazardous solvents with redesigned chemical structures.[10] The exposure to gaseous EGBE can cause irritation of eyes, nose, and throat.[12] Also, EGBE has hematological effects, for example, it has been linked to reticulocytosis in screen-printing workers.[12,15] A study by Rella et al.[16] indicated that cleaning related EGBE caused complaints of poor indoor air quality. EGPE has been reported causing contact urticarial.[17,18]