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Genomics of PHA Synthesizing Bacteria
Published in Martin Koller, The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, 2020
Parveen K. Sharma, Jilagamazhi Fu, Nisha Mohanan, David B. Levin
Glycerol uptake in Pseudomonas species is mediated by glycerol “uptake facilitators,” which are integral membrane proteins (glpF, locus tag PPUTLS46_022196 in the P. putida LS46 genome), catalyzing the rapid equilibration of glycerol concentration gradients across the cytoplasmic membrane [65]. Glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) by phosphorylation of glycerol by the ATP-dependent glycerol kinase (glpK, locus tag PPUTLS46_022201 in P. putida LS46), followed by the dehydrogenation of G3P into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDHs: locus tags PPUTLS46_022211, PPUTLS46_005991, and PPUTLS46_012690 in P. putida LS46). Glycerol is not a preferential carbon source for PHA production, and about two-thirds of the glycerol added to the medium as the sole carbon source for mcl-PHA production remained unused by P. putida LS46 after 72 h [66]. Phosphorylation of glycerol by GK is the rate-limiting step. GK, along with glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD), is induced by the presence of glycerol under aerobic conditions.
Transport of Nutrients and Carbon Catabolite Repression for the Selective Carbon Sources
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Dihydroxyacetone is then phosphorylated by a kinase using ATP (Fig. 8). Another pathway for glycerol utilization is that glycerol is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase (ATP: glycerol phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.30) to form L-glycerol 3-phosphate (GL3P), which then is converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) in the glycolysis.
New approaches towards the discovery and evaluation of bioactive peptides from natural resources
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Nam Joo Kang, Hyeon-Su Jin, Sung-Eun Lee, Hyun Jung Kim, Hong Koh, Dong-Woo Lee
Accumulation of excess body fat causes obesity, exerting a negative effect on health. The amount of adipose tissue tightly regulated by adipogenesis in pre-adipocyte cells, the best-characterized model for studying adipogenesis (Aoyama, Fukui, Takamatsu, Hashimoto, & Yamamoto, 2000). Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, is linked to phospholipid and triglyceride biosynthesis (Harding, Pyeritz, Copeland, & White, 1975; Tsou, Lin, Lu, Tsui, & Chiang, 2010). Because suppression of GPDH activity inhibits differentiation and reduces lipid accumulation in pre-adipocyte cells, the anti-adipogenic effects of BPs can be evaluated by measuring the activity of this enzyme (Hirai, Yamanaka, Kawachi, Matsui, & Yano, 2005). In addition, saturated fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are synthesized endogenously by fatty-acid synthase (FAS), which is involved in adipogenesis (Leibundgut, Maier, Jenni, & Ban, 2008). Some hydrolyzed proteins can inhibit FAS activity, thereby controlling cell differentiation and lipid accumulation (Gonzalez-Espinosa de los Monteros, Ramon-Gallegos, Torres-Torres, & Mora-Escobedo, 2011; Martinez-Villaluenga, Dia, Berhow, Bringe, & Gonzalez de Mejia, 2009).