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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Formic acid, HCOOH, is a colorless, fuming liquid with a penetrating odor. It is soluble in water. As with many of the organic acids, formic acid may burn. It has a flash point of 156°F and a flammable range of 18%–57%. Formic acid has a TLV of 5 ppm in air. It is used in dyeing and finishing of textile, treatment of leather, making of esters, fumigants, insecticides, refrigerants and others.
Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Formic acid, also an organic acid, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is used in the process of methamphetamine manufacture. Formic acid is corrosive and toxic. Contact with oxidizing agents may cause an explosion.
2-Capture and Conversion Technologies
Published in Ashok Kumar, Swati Sharma, 2 Utilization, 2020
Tanvi Sharma, Abhishek Sharma, Swati Sharma, Anand Giri, Ashok Kumar, Deepak Pant
Formic acid can be used as animal feed additive, silage preservation, fuel for low-temperature fuel cells, and textile finishing, and in paper and pulp industry. The various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems have been studied for the reduction of CO2 into formic acid (Alvarez-Guerra, Quintanilla, and Irabien 2012). In a homogeneous system, Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is used for the hydration of CO2 into formic acid. The catalyst uses NADPH as an electron donor and is embedded in alginate–silica hybrid gel nanostructures; this process occurs at low temperature and neutral pH. In addition to the homogeneous system, several heterogeneous systems have also been developed in the past decades (Lu et al. 2006). The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid using Ru(II)Cl(OAc)(PMe3)4 as a catalyst in the presence of alcohol and base shows the high turnover frequency for formic acid production (Munshi et al. 2002). Various other metal complexes such as Ni, Rh, Pd, and Cu have been studied for formic acid formation with excellent yields. Climostat Ltd. (Cheshire, UK) has filed a patent application for the conversion of CO2 and methane into formic acid using enzymatic catalysis (Fothergill et al., 2014).
Pressure-swing distillation process for separating ternary azeotropic mixture of acidic aqueous solution
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
B. Mahida, H. Benyounes, S. Jin, W. Shen
The purpose of this work is to recover acetic acid and formic acid from fermentation water or aqueous effluents, due to their importance in the chemical industry. The acetic acid is the most commonly used as reagent; it is useful for the production of many chemicals. Besides, it is widely utilized in the manufacture of vinyl acetate monomer (Yoneda et al. 2001; Ince 2005), acetic anhydride and ester production (Yoneda et al. 2001). Whilst, the formic acid is mainly used as a preservative and antibacterial in human/animal food and also as a disinfectant. On other hand, formic acid salts, formates are useful as upgrade quality deicing agents and valuable auxiliaries in oil production. It is also employed to produce the coagulated natural rubber used (Cai et al. 2001; Wisniewski and Pierzchalska 2005).
Chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass: A critical comparison between biochemical, microwave and thermochemical conversion methods
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Iris K. M. Yu, Huihui Chen, Felix Abeln, Hadiza Auta, Jiajun Fan, Vitaly L. Budarin, James H. Clark, Sophie Parsons, Christopher J. Chuck, Shicheng Zhang, Gang Luo, Daniel C.W Tsang
Formic acid can be produced from alkaline oxidation of carbohydrates or acid rehydration of HMF. As for hydrothermal oxidation, formic acid yield was the highest when glucose was used as the substrate, followed by starch and then cellulose (Yun et al., 2010), and ca. 27% formic acid was obtained from cellulose (Yun et al., 2013). The addition of alkali enabled a high selectivity of formic acid. A remarkably high yield of 80–85% was obtained from monosaccharides and disaccharides at a lower temperature (423 K) after only 15–20 min in the presence of NaOH (Yun et al., 2016) while as much as 74% was achieved from glucose (24% without alkali) at 250 °C for 60 s in the presence of oxygen (Yun et al., 2007). Only 4.9% of formic acid could be obtained from alkali lignin (Zeng et al., 2010).
Formic acid synthesis – a case study of CO2 utilization from coal direct chemical looping combustion power plant
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Gajanan Dattarao Surywanshi, B. Basant Kumar Pillai, Venkata Suresh Patnaikuni, Ramsagar Vooradi, Sarath Babu Anne
Formic acid has applications in pharmaceuticals, food chemicals, rubber, and textiles, due to its robust acidic nature and reducing properties. Since formic acid synthesis from CO2 is economically feasible (Alper and Orhan 2017), the present study considers formic acid production as an end product from the CDCL power plant. Furthermore, the global market demand of formic acid was 708.15 kt in the year 2017 and is likely to reach 879.93 kt by 2023 at an estimated compound annual growth rate of 3.74% during 2018–2023 (Formic Acid Marke 2018). Generally, formic acid is marketed with the grades of 85%, 90%, 94%, and 99%, and among all the grades, the 85% grade is more dominant (Formic Acid Market 2019a). In the year 2012, the global market value of formic acid was estimated about $451.4 million and is expected to reach $618.8 million by 2019 (Formic Acid Market 2019b). A number of patents on the formic acid synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen using the homogeneous catalysis process have been granted (Anderson et al. 1989; Hladiy et al. 2004; Schaub et al. 2014). A small-scale electro-reduction plant with 350 kg of formic acid production per year is demonstrated (DNV 2011). In 2015, Mantra Venture group (Mantra 2015) developed a pilot plant with an annual capacity of 35 tonnes of formic acid. The techno-economic and environmental feasibility of formic acid synthesis from CO2 and H2 (from solid oxide fuel cell) was developed and compared with the conventional formic acid synthesis plant by Pérez-Fortes et al. (2016). Their case study showed that the formic acid synthesis process saves carbon dioxide emissions compared to the conventional process.