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Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Folate or folic acid is another crucial nutrient which has been considered essential in pregnancy. Folic acid fortification has been victorious in dropping the incidence of neural tube defects during child birth. Earlier, this issue was a grave concern during pregnancy and child birth. Folic acid along with iron supplementation is a must in conceiving women. However, many women capable of becoming pregnant still do not meet the recommended intake for folic acid. A 400 mcg of folic acid is highly recommended for women planning to become pregnant. They can fulfil this folic acid requirement either by taking fortified foods or by supplements. During pregnancy this requirement tends to be 600 mcg daily from all sources. Sources of food folate include beans and peas, oranges and orange juice, and dark-green, leafy vegetables such as spinach and mustard greens.
Preventive Measures for Corona Virus Considering Different Perspectives in Indian Conditions
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Kanav Dhir, Deepika Ghai, Shashikant Patil, Health Informatics and Technological Solutions for Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2021
Saumyadip Hazra, Abhimanyu Kumar, Souvik Ganguli, Sahil Virk
Folic acid also known as folate is a water-soluble vitamin and also called vitamin B-9. The red blood cells become larger than the normal size if there is a deficiency of folic acid in the human body. This disease is called macrocytic anemia. Folate boosts immunity and also useful in treating depression. An adult should consume 400 μg of folic acid [31].
Sustainable Use of Food-Grade Microorganisms in Traditional Fermented Food Production
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Ami R. Patel, Sudhanshu Billoria, Geetanjali Kaushik, Maninder Kaur, Microbial Biotechnology in Food Processing and Health, 2023
Kolawole Banwo, Omotade R. Ogunremi, Adekemi T. Adesulu-Dahunsi
Selected LAB strains metabolize complex and simple compounds in food, thereby improving the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients and fortifying some essential and limiting nutritional compounds in foods. Phytase, the enzyme that mediates dephosphorylation of phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate-IP6), an inherent anti-nutritional factor that chelates dietary minerals in plant foods is widely distributed among species of LAB. Over-producing strains can be exploited to enhance the bioavailability of iron, zinc, and calcium. Phytase production was described for species of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus (Ragavendra and Halami, 2009; Onipede et al., 2014). Lb. plantarum and S. cremoris were applied to remove phytate during the production of ogi from sorghum (Onipede et al., 2014). LAB strains have been reported to possess a complete pathway for biosynthesis of some essential vitamins, including folate and riboflavin (Greppi et al., 2017). Folate is required for nucleotide synthesis, DNA replication and in turn cell division and growth. Folate intake reduces the possibility of neural tube defects, several cancers, pre-neoplastic lesions, and megaloblastic anemia (Greppi et al., 2017). In vitro microbiological assay revealed 59% of 151 LAB isolates from ben-saalaga produced folate at species/strain-specific capacities, ranging from 0.3 ng mL–1 to 120.9 ng mL–1 (Greppi et al., 2017). Folate-producing species are Lb. fermentum, L. plantarum, and P. acidilactici (Greppi et al., 2017). Riboflavin is an important precursor for cofactors required for some enzymatic functions in the body. It is limited in a plant-based diet and the deficiency is associated with poor vision and growth. Production of riboflavin for diet enrichment was reported in Lactobacillus strains (Thakur et al., 2016). High producers of riboflavin were identified among strains of Staphylococcus sp. isolated in the course of fermentation of the seeds of locust bean to produce iru (a fermented locust bean condiment) (Olanbiwoninu et al., 2017). LAB are potential cell factories for the synthesis of some essential amino acids. Intra- and extracellular accumulation of lysine and methionine up to 247.00 and 15.00 mg/L, respectively was reported in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from ogi (Odunfa et al., 2001).
Mechanistic links between vitamin deficiencies and diabetes mellitus: a review
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Tajudeen O. Yahaya, AbdulRahman B. Yusuf, Jamilu K. Danjuma, Bello M. Usman, Yahaya M. Ishiaku
Folate, formerly known as folacin and sometimes as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble B-vitamin that is present naturally in several foods and also as an additive and dietary supplement [36]. Foods that contain folates include fruits, grains, poultry, eggs, vegetables, nuts, beans, peas, seafood, liver, dairy products, and meat [36]. Folate depletion in mice causes oxidative stress, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance [37]. In a study of 1530 non-diabetic adults in the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a relation was detected between serum folate levels and insulin resistance [38]. These findings collectively show that folate supplementation may lower homocysteine and lessen insulin resistance. Indeed, in a systematic review and meta-analysis, folate supplementation lowers insulin resistance and improves glucose metabolism [39]. Furthermore, a clinical trial showed that a high-dose of folate rapidly normalized endothelial dysfunction in children with T1DM [40]. The mechanistic links between folate deficiency and DM are summarized in Figure 3.
Association between cooking fuel and folate insufficiency among pregnant women in Northern China
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Shuangbo Xia, Jufen Liu, Jinjuan Zhang, Yushan Du, Jingsong Chen, Lei Jin, Linlin Wang, Xuejuan Zhang, Aiguo Ren
Folate plays an important role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. It is also an essential component of intracellular nucleic acid synthesis and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, especially the formation and maturation of red blood cells (RBCs) (Bailey and Gregory 1999; Crider et al. 2012). Folate insufficiency in women of reproductive age is associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) (WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee 2015; Ebara 2017). To decrease the burden of NTDs in rural populations, the Ministry of Health of China launched a nationwide program in 2009 to increase folic acid intake among women of reproductive age in rural areas (Liu et al. 2015).
Synthesis, DFT analysis and DNA studies, cytotoxicity and luminescence properties of a dinuclear copper(II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline and 4-aminobenzoate
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
S. Baskaran, M. Murali Krishnan, M. N. Arumugham, R. Kumar
4-Aminobenzoic acid is involved in the biosynthesis of folic acid, which is a constituent of the vitamin B complex and is found in animal and plant tissues, and has been shown to be a growth factor in certain microorganisms, particularly Enterococci and Lactobacilli [17]. Plants produce 4-aminobenzoic acid in their chloroplasts and store it as a glucose ester (4-aminobenzoic acid-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert 4-aminobenzoic acid to folate, so require folate from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables [18].