China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Progress in Capillary Flow Cytometry
Published in Frances S. Ligler, Jason S. Kim, The Microflow Cytometer, 2019
David King, Amedeo Cappione, Fedor Ilkov, Bruce Goldman, Ray Lefebvre, Rick Pittaro, G. J. Dixon
Like most modern cytometers, Guava's capillary flow instruments are 'all digital' in the sense that the optical detector outputs are connected to analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) that digitize the signals before any signal processing or analysis takes place.5,6 Digital data from an ADC output is transferred to a buffer before it is stored in the memory of a personal computer that performs the signal processing and analysis tasks. The fluidics system, sample translators (if present) and the detector amplifier gains are also controlled by the computer. With this architecture, the complexity of signal processing tasks and the speed with which they can be carried out has increased with personal computer power to a point where it is possible to remove instrumental artifacts from measured data in near real time.
Nanofabrication Techniques with High-Resolution Molded Rubber Stamps
Published in Ahmed Busnaina, Nanomanufacturing HANDBOOK, 2017
The development of nanoscience and nanotechnology depends strongly on the capabilities of the fabrication techniques that are used for patterning and chemically modifying materials at the nanoscale. Most of the research and development in this area has, in the past, been driven mainly by the needs of the microelectronics industry. The spectacular progress in this field has been made possible by the successful scaling of lithography techniques down to the 100-nanometer scale. While these techniques are extremely well suited for the patterning of spin-coated photosensitive materials on ultra-flat surfaces, they are incompatible with important classes of organic and chemically or mechanically fragile materials. Significant challenges exist in adapting these methods for unconventional materials found in biology, chemistry and fluidics, photonics, and plastic electronics. They are also inadequate for patterning on surfaces that are not ultra-flat. Moreover, these techniques are particularly inefficient for generating complex three-dimensional structures in a single patterning step. Recent research seeks to develop new patterning techniques that will enable the efficient fabrication of two- or three-dimensional nanometer-scale structures of unconventional materials, over large areas (i.e., larger than a few square centimeters) and on nonplanar (i.e., rough or curved ) surfaces.1,2
Biomems
Published in Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy, BioMEMS, 2016
Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy
μTAS based on an optical microfluidic system has also been developed for cell detection by integrating a liquid-chromatography-based molecules separation unit.36 The system consists of a flow cell fabricated by anisotropic etching and bonding of a silicon wafer. A three-dimensional micro-fluidics flow system with an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET)37 was used for the detection of pH and phosphate measurements. This system had two silicon micropumps connected with the ISFET using silicon rubber.
Flow of magnetized Powell-Eyring fluid in microchannel exposed to non-linear radiation and constricted to slip regime by varying viscosity
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
B. J. Gireesha, S Manthesha, F. Almeida, P. Mallikarjun
The study of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel is a significant area of research in the field of science and engineering. It has many applications in the field of applied science particularly in micro fluidic flow systems such as micro mixers, micro propulsion, biomedical instruments, micro cooling systems and micro heat exchangers. Chen and Weng [1] studied the heat transport and fluid flow properties of the natural flow in an erect microchannel and this study assists to understand the nature of the flow in microchannel under the effect of different parameters. Jha et al. [2] analyzed the fluid flow in a vertical microchannel by considering the effect of magnetic field and their study involves the analysis of skin friction and Nusselt number. Abbassi et al. [3] explored the heat transport phenomena in a curved channel for the flow of nanofluid. They have noted that the velocity of the blood is abated by concentration of nanoparticles. Nazeer et al. [4] theoretically investigated the multiphase flow of Jeffrey fluid in the divergent channel. They deduced that slippery walls of the channel have greater influence on the momentum of both the phases.