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Basic Test Methods of Respiratory Protective Devices
Published in Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Nanoaerosols, Air Filtering and Respiratory Protection, 2020
Flame photometry is widely used to determine alkaline metals and alkaline soils. Rapid Na, K and Ca determination in biological and clinical samples is one of the most important applications, e.g., determination of calcium in milk, beer and body fluids. The solvent is usually water, but organic solvents can also be used (Chaves et al. 2008).
Comparative analysis of trace and macro-element bioaccumulation in four free-floating macrophytes in area contaminated by copper smelter
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Ludmiła Polechońska, Ewa Szczęśniak, Agnieszka Klink
Fresh plants were rinsed with deionized water to remove external material (Favas et al.2012; Pandey 2012) and species were separated. Each species was dried in a laboratory drier at 50 °C to constant mass and pulverized using agate mortar and a pestle. Next, samples were digested, in triplicate in a microwave oven (Speedwave Xpert from Berghof Products + Instruments GmbH, Germany). In particular, subsamples of 250 mg were mineralized using 3 mL HNO3 (65%, for analysis, Merck KGaA). After cooling to room temperature the digests were diluted to 25 mL with deionized water. Trace element contents were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Iron, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentrations were analyzed using FAAS (Avanta PM from GBC Scientific Equipment, Australia) and As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb using GFAAS (PinAAcle 900Z from Perkin-Elmer, USA). Calcium, K, and Na contents were determined using flame photometer (BWB Technologies, UK LTD). All elements were controlled against Atomic Absorption Standard Solutions from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO and blanks which contained the same matrix as the samples and were processed in the same way. Results for plants were calculated on a dry weight basis. Standard reference material (IPE-176 Reed/Phragmites communis from Houten/The Netherlands – Wageningen Evaluating Programs for Analytical Laboratories, WEPAL) was analyzed to check the method accuracy. The recovery percentage of each element in the standard reference material ranged from 95% to 105%.
Impact of greywater on germination and physiological responses of Triticum aestivum L. HD 2967 in soil amended with poultry biochar
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Rekha Kumari, Rozi Sharma, Neeraj Kumar Sharma, Deepak Pant, Piyush Malaviya
The pH and EC were determined using 1:5 soil solutions with distilled water [14], and the percentage of organic matter (OM) and soil carbon (OC) were investigated by Walkley and Black’s rapid titration method [15]. Based on the TN-OC model soil TN values were predicted [16]. C:N ratio was calculated using the formula given by Bhattacharyya et al. [17]. Phosphorus was determined by the method given by Olsen et al. [18]. Potassium and sodium were analyzed by using a Flame Photometer.