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Aspects of mixed and condensed phase combustion
Published in J. F. Griffiths, J. A. Barnard, Flame and Combustion, 2019
J. F. Griffiths, J. A. Barnard
The burning rate also depends on heat transfer within the liquid. The surface of a burning pool is usually just below its boiling point and it is sometimes possible to extinguish a fire by stirring liquid from below so that cool liquid of low vapour pressure is brought to the surface [222, 223]. The fire point is the lowest temperature of a liquid surface at which sustained diffusional burning of the liquid can occur (see Chapter 12) and this is dependent on mass and heat transfer considerations which in turn influence the flame temperature [224].
Laboratory Evaluation of Metalworking Fluids
Published in Jerry P. Byers, Metalworking Fluids, Third Edition, 2018
An open cup method, such as ASTM method D92 (Cleveland open cup) or D1310 (Tag open cup) can be used to determine both a flash point and a fire point. An open cup of oil is slowly heated at a controlled rate, while a small flame is passed over the cup at prescribed intervals. The flash point is the temperature at which a brief ignition of the vapors is first detected. The fire point is at some slightly higher temperature at which a sustained flame burns for at least 5 s.
The Chemistry of Hazardous Materials
Published in Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering, 2021
Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo
Two other terms deserve mention—fire point and autoignition point. The fire point is the temperature at which a substance gives off sufficient vapor such that it continues to burn once the ignition source is removed. It is the temperature at which there is self-sustained combustion. The fire point is usually 30°F–50°F (17°C–72°C) higher than the flash point of a substance.
Dual feedstock pyrolysis of Aegle marmelos pressed seed cake and novel Annona squamosa seed particles: the effect of dual natural antioxidant on the oxidation stability of derived co-pyrolysis liquid-A green approach
Published in Biofuels, 2023
P. Baranitharan, Malinee Sriariyanun, D. Babu, R. Sakthivel
The physicochemical characteristics of co-pyrolysis oil are found as per ASTM standards and are listed in the Table 2. The results show that the viscosity and density of co-pyrolysis oil was almost equal to that of diesel fuel. It also shows that blending with diesel balances the density of the fuel blend [6]. The density and viscosity of the fuel blends slightly increase with addition of co-pyrolysis oil to diesel. Gross calorific value (GCV) or higher calorific value of co-pyrolysis oil is found by the heat liberated by the complete combustion of unit mass of the extract when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of air and fuel [13]. The value of co-pyrolysis oil was also nearer to that value of the diesel fuel. Flash point of a fuel is an important flammability parameter and can be defined as the minimum temperature at which the fuel gives off enough vapor, which mixes with air to form an ignitable mixture by giving a flash [30]. Fire point may be defined as the minimum temperature at which the fuel gives off enough vapour to produce an ignitable mixture which can sustain a minimum of 5 sec. Both the flash and fire points are the measures of fuel in flammability and volatility which in turn is related with the fire hazard of the fuel [34]. Fire point is generally a few degrees higher than that of the flash point. While designing the transportation of the fuel, the flash and fire point determines the safety.
Comparison of the slow, fast, and flash pyrolysis of recycled maize-cob biomass waste, box-benhken process optimization and characterization studies for the thermal fast pyrolysis production of bio-energy
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
B. O. Adelawon, G. K. Latinwo, B. E. Eboibi, O. O. Agbede, S. E. Agarry
Fire point is the oil temperature at which the oil after ignition by an open flame will continually burn for at utmost 5 seconds. In general, the fire point of any bio-oil is considered to be about 5–10 °C higher than the flash point (Khan et al. 2016). The fire point of the bio oil was obtained to be 340 °C, which is 20 °C above the flash point. The maize-cob-derived-bio-oil fire point is higher than 98 °C fire point that was gotten for bael shell-derived bio-oil by Bardalai and Mahanta (2016). The density of bi-oil was obtained as 1.185 kg/m3 slightly higher than water density. This value is found to be within the density range (0.964-1.300 kg/m3) of many bio-oils reported in the literature (Ji et al. 2008; Ali et al. 2016; Bardalai and Mahanta 2016; Dawodu et al. 2019; Ige et al. 2021).
Calorific value, flash point and cetane number of biodiesel from cotton, jatropha and neem binary and multi-blends with diesel
Published in Biofuels, 2020
M. U. Kaisan, F. O. Anafi, J. Nuszkowski, D. M. Kulla, S. Umaru
The implication here is that all of the fuel samples are safe to handle. This is consistent with the works of Ewerenmadu et al. [24] and Boz et al. [10]. Also, high flash point leads to the formation of carbon deposits and inferior cooking [28]. The biodiesel blends herein investigated are therefore good to use in CI engines and devoid of carbon deposits and inferior cooking. These fuels cannot easily flash when exposed to flame or spark. The results are consistent with those of Monirul et al. [20] and D'Alessandro et al. [21]. The temperature at which the fuel gives off inflammable vapor (flash point) and the lowest temperature at which the fuel will sustain burning for 5 seconds (fire point) have great importance in determining the fire hazard of the fuel. Conclusively, the fuel samples under investigation have passed the safety test in relation to the flash point.