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Porous Materials and Electrochemistry
Published in Antonio Doménech-Carbó, Electrochemistry of Porous Materials, 2021
Let us first consider an ‘ordinary’ electrochemical process consisting of the reduction (or oxidation) of a given electroactive species in solution at an inert electrode. Because the flow of Faradaic current is a direct expression of the rate of the electron transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface, the rate of mass transport of the electroactive species from the bulk solution to the electrode surface decisively influences the magnitude of the Faradaic current. Mass transport can occur via diffusion (whose driving forces are concentration gradients), convection (driven by momentum gradients), and migration of charged species (driven by electric fields). Convection phenomena appear when the solution is stirred (or undergoes unwanted room vibrations) or submitted to gas bubbling. To suppress the effect of ionic migration, an electrochemically silent supporting electrolyte in sufficiently high concentration is generally used in voltammetric experiments.
Controlled Electrochemical Deposition for Materials Synthesis
Published in Mu Naushad, Saravanan Rajendran, Abdullah M. Al-Enizi, New Technologies for Electrochemical Applications, 2020
T. Sivaranjani, T. A. Revathy, A. Stephen
The electrodes at which the transfer of electrons and ions take place are called nonpolarizable electrodes where there is free movement of ions at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The electric current that flows due to the charge transfer across the electrode–electrolyte boundary is called the faradaic current. The electrodes at which no electron transfer takes place are called polarizable electrodes. It means that the electrons form a layer at the cathode surface. The positive ions form a layer near the electrode surface. There is no transfer between the electrode–electrolyte surfaces. The current that flows to maintain the electrostatic equilibrium at the electrical double layer (EDL) or interfacial double layer on both polarizable and nonpolarizable electrodes is called the non-faradaic current or otherwise known as the transient current.
Electrons in Electrolyte
Published in Hualin Zhan, Graphene-Electrolyte Interfaces, 2020
There are generally two types of processes occurring at electro-electrolyte interfaces. The first one involves the electron transfer between the electrode and electrolyte. This induces the redox reactions of the chemical species. As can be seen from Eq. 4.14, the amount of the electrons being transferred is the same as the amountofthe chemical reaction, and this is the Faraday's law of electrolysis. Since the number of the electrons consumed is controlled by the flow of electricity between the electrode and electrolyte, the electrical current is often referred as the Faradaic current, and this process is the Faradaic process. In contrast, if there is no electron transfered, the process is non-Faradaic.
A better understanding of the polymeric irradiation using physico-electrochemical characteristics
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
Hany Abd El-Raheem, Rabeay Y. A. Hassan, Rehab Khaled, S.I. El-Dek, Ahmed Farghali, Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny
Electrochemical characterizations, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or/and CV are powerful tools to study the electrical conductivity as well as the catalytic properties of matters [66,67]. Therefore, the electrochemical properties of the target polymers were studied here using the cyclic voltammetric technique, as shown in Figure 8. Reduction–oxidation of a standard redox probe ([Fe (CN)6]3−/4−) was used for the electrochemical evaluation. Basically, generation of oxidation faradaic current (Positive electric current on the Y-axis), and/or generation of reduction faradaic current (Negative electric current on the Y-axis) means that there is an electron transfer taking place at the conducted interface. The higher the current, the fast the electron transfer. However, blocking the generation of such faradaic current designates that there is an insulating interface. From the obtained result, complete blocking of Faradaic current was accomplished by using the PEUU, either the irradiated or the non-irradiated. This finding is strong evidence that the insulating electric feature is there for the PEUU, and it was not affected by the irradiation even at the highest dose.
Recovery of Palladium by Extraction-electrodeposition Using N, N, N’, N’, N”, N”- Hexaoctyl-nitrilotriacetamide
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2022
Ryoma Kinoshita, Masahiko Matsumiya, Yuji Sasaki
where E is the electrode potential, Es is the standard reversible potential of the reaction, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, α is the transfer coefficient, m is the current SI, and i is the Faradaic current. The value of αn was calculated from the slope of the E versus log[m*-m(t)]/i(t) plots, and ks was determined from the intercept of the plots. Matsuda and Ayabe reported the following equation for irreversible reactions[27]:
Research progress on electrochemical property and surface modifications of nanodiamond powders
Published in Functional Diamond, 2023
Liang Dong, Guohao Zhu, Jianbing Zang, Yanhui Wang
The composite electrode of PANI/ND100 showed a high background current and an intrinsic Faradaic current of PANI in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, reflecting a high capacitance. In addition, through the AC impedance analysis, it was found that the PANI/ND100 electrode had nearly ideal capacitance performance, resulting in a good application prospect in the electrochemical field.